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Name:____KEY ANSWERS IN BOLD AND UNDERLINED___ Block:________ Honor Code:__________
Evolution Test
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The theory of evolution combines the principles of
a. natural selection and artificial selection.
c. selective breeding and genetic inheritance.
2. Fossils are commonly found in
a. sedimentary rock.
b. igneous rock
b. natural selection and genetic resistance.
d. natural selection and genetic inheritance.
c. granite.
3. The solidified remains or imprint of a previously existing organism is called a
a. sediment.
b. fossil
c. layer.
d. loose sand or granite.
d. mineral.
4. The opposable thumb allows humans to grasp objects firmly. Because this feature helped humans to survive over
time, it is called a(n)
a. adaptation.
b. genetic variation
c. mutation.
d. vestigial structure.
5. Individuals in a population that have traits or abilities that give them a competitive advantage over other population
members are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is called
a. species separation.
b. genetic resistance
c. genetic mutation.
d. natural selection.
6. The theory of evolution can be explained in part by changes in an organism's DNA known as
a. mutations
b. traits
c. divisions.
d. resistance.
7. Structures and behaviors for finding food, protection, and for moving from place to place are an organism's
_________________ to its environment.
a. selective breedings
b. speciations
c. adaptations
d. traits
8. In order for the red-eyed tree frog to produce fertile offspring, it should mate with its own species, which is
a. any frog.
b. the red-eyed tree frog.
c. the tropical rain forest frog.
d. any amphibian.
9. Scientists estimate that Earth is 4.6 billion years old. This is plenty of time for
a. organisms to develop adaptations.
b. species to die out and be replaced by newer species.
c. evolution to occur.
d. All of the above
10. The fossil record can supply evidence about
a. the sequence of life.
b. the order in which evolutionary changes have occurred.
c. how environmental conditions on Earth may have changed through time.
d. All of the above
11. The deeper in the Earth's crust fossils are found, the
a. more likely those organisms are extinct.
b. more likely they look like present-day organisms.
c. more recent those fossils have been formed.
d. easier they are to find.
12. Which of the following is the most likely reason that there are gaps in the fossil record?
a. Not all organisms can be fossilized.
b. Conditions to fossilize an organism are rare, so not all species are fossilized.
c. Not all fossils have been found.
d. Paleontologists are not good at sharing information to help each other fill in the gaps.
13. Although dinosaurs lived for over 150 million years, they may have become extinct because a catastrophic event
changed the environment more rapidly than the dinosaurs could _________________________.
a. breed.
b. adapt
c. mutate.
d. eat.
14. Over the past 12,000 years, dogs have been ______________________ to produce more than 150 different breeds.
a. selectively bred
b. naturally bred
c. artificially selected
d. artificially bred
15. The key to natural selection is
a. successful reproduction.
b. inherited traits
c. genetic mutations.
d. genetic variation.
16. Which of the following best describes natural selection?
a. Natural selection occurs only during dramatic environmental changes.
b. Natural selection occurs sporadically throughout time.
c. Natural selection occurs continuously throughout time.
d. Natural selection does not really exist; Darwin was a science fiction writer.
17. After 1850, dark peppered moths became more abundant than pale peppered moths. Which of the following factors
influenced this change?
a. industrialization
b. tree trunk color
c. moth-eating birds
d. All of the above
18. Organisms with traits well suited to the environment will
a. develop shorter generation times.
b. survive and reproduce at a greater rate than other organisms.
c, acquire traits that prevent them from surviving.
d. All of the above
Use the following statements regarding the roach population to answer questions 19-22.
A. Roaches that live to maturity may mate and produce offspring.
B. A population of roaches contain some pesticide-resistant roaches and some that are not resistant to pesticides.
C. Many roaches do not survive because they come in contact with pesticides.
D. Roaches lay many eggs.
19. Which of the above statements most closely illustrates genetic variation?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
20. Which of the above statements most closely illustrates successful reproduction?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
21. Which of the above statements most closely illustrates overproduction?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
22. Which of the above statements most closely illustrates struggle to survive?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
23. Past mass extinctions most likely occurred as a result of
a. oxygen pollution.
b. ozone destruction
c. global climate change.
d. exposure to UV radiation.
24. Which factor does NOT play a role in determining the beak shape of Galapagos finches?
a. amount of food available
b. the different ways the finches obtain food
c. size of the bird
d. type of food available
25. The red-eyed tree frog hides in leaves of a tree and only comes out at night. This is an example of
a. overproduction.
b. spontaneous generation
c. genetic resistance.
d. the struggle to survive.
Use the table below to answer the questions 26-28.
Era
Period
Cenozoic
Quaternary
Tertiary
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Paleozoic
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Precambrian
Million Years Ago
1.8
65
144
206
248
290
354
417
443
490
540
4600
26. Dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years ago. When did this occur in the geologic time scale?
a. Permian period, Paleozoic era
b. Tertiary period, Cenozoic era
c. Devonian Period, Paleozoic era
d. Jurassic period, Mesozoic era
27. We are presently in the ___________________ period of the Cenozoic era.
a. Ordovician
b. Carboniferous
c. Permian
d. Quaternary
28. The Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Triassic are all periods in the _____________________ era.
a. Precambrian
b. Paleozoic
c. Mesozoic
d. Cenozoic
Complete each sentence or statement.
29. In ____________________________, humans select traits that will be passed from one generation to another.
a. selective breeding
b. natural selection
30. A change in a gene at the DNA level is called a ____________________.
a. mutation
b. trait