Download because they reflect light from the sun.

Lets Talk about Light....
Emit: To give off or send out
Emit Light: Give off or send out light
Reflect:
to bend or cast back
Students will be able to recognize and identify objects that emit or reflect light in our universe.
Most objects in the sky are light emitting.
therefore they are sources of energy
The planets and their satellites are seen because they reflect light from the sun.
The most visible object that reflects light is the ???
The Moon
Satellite:
A man made or heavenly body (moon) that orbits around a larger object.
The key is to
find the
direction of
sun light and
then identify
the New
Moon and Full
Moon.
Notice that
half the Moon
is always lit if
you are looking
from space.
However,
from Earth
we only see a
portion of the
lit Moon. All
depends on
the location
of the Moon
as it orbits
Earth.
Notice the
Moon phases
reverse when
the Sunlight is
coming from
the opposite
side.
The Moon
orbits the
Earth in the
counter
clockwise
direction.
You must imagine
you are sitting in
the center of the
picture and looking
out at the inside
Moons.
Looking at the
New Moon, you
don't see the lit
side and looking
at the Waxing
Gibbous you see
the majority the
right side lit up.
Complete moon cycle takes roughly 28 days
28
8 = 3.5 days per phrase (roughly)
Waxing = growing and right side is lit
Waning = shrinking and left side it lit
Sept 1
Sept 4-5
Sept 8
Sept 11-12
Sept 15
Sept 18-19
Gibbous = Almost
full but not quite
The Moon's orbit is
Elliptical. That is the
reason we have a Full
Moon and New Moon
and NOT a Lunar or
Solar Eclipse.
Solar Eclipse
Happens when the
Moon passes between
the Sun and Earth. It
then casts a shadow
onto a section of
Earth.
Helpful reminder:
Whatever word
that comes before
Eclipse is what is
being blocked out
from Earth.
Solar = Sun, so the Sun is
blocked out.
Lunar Eclipse
Happens when the
Earth passes between
the Sun and the Moon.
The Full Moon is
blocked by the Earth's
shadows,
Helpful reminder:
Whatever word
that comes before
Eclipse is what is
being blocked out
from Earth.
Lunar = Moon, so the
Moon is blocked out.
Northern
Hemisphere
The reason for our seasons is because we revolve around the
sun and rotate on a 23.5 tilt.
Earth's Axis is on a
o
23.5 tilt.
Winter in Northern
Summer in Northern
Hemisphere when the NH
Hemisphere when the NH
is tilted away from the
is tilted toward from the
Sun.
Sun.
Summer in Southern
Winter in Southern
Hemisphere when the NH
Hemisphere when the NH
is tilted away from the
is tilted toward from the
Sun.
Sun.
Daylight and Seasons in the Northern Hemisphere
12 hr of light
and dark
daylight gets longer
daylight gets longer
shortest day
longest day of
of the year in
the year in
terms of
terms of
sunlight
sunlight
daylight gets shorter
daylight gets shorter
12 hr of light
and dark
Earth takes
365.25 days to
orbit the Sun.
The Moon
takes roughly
28 days to
revolve around
Earth.
Revolution or Orbit = to travel around a central object.
The Earth rotates or spins on
o
its axis, which is tilted at 23.5.
The Earth takes 24 hours to rotate
once around its axis.
Shades, Seasons and the Sun
The Sun rises in the
East and sets in the
West.
Think of the alphabet
and E comes before W.
Notice the length
and high arc of the
Summer Sun
compared to the
lower shorter arc of
winter.
Spring and Fall's
height and arc fall
right in the middle.
June's shadow is the
shortest because the Sun is
higher in the sky.
December's shadow is the
longest because the Sun
doesn't get near as high in
the sky.
Winter shadows are
always longer than
Summer shadows
because the Sun is
always lower in the
sky.
Shadows lengths in the
morning are longer as the
Sun is just coming up.
Shadows lengths in the
The shadow lengths are
evening are longer as the
noon are shortest as the
Sun is going down.
Sun is highest in the sky
er sha
short
Evening Sun
s
s
shadow
adow
longer
h
er s
Morning Sun
t
shor
dows
Mid-day Sun
longe
r sha
dows
East
West
Direct vs Indirect Sunlight
Indirect
Sunlight is cast
over a larger
area and less
intense.
Direct Sunlight is
intense and direct
overhead.
Stars
Stars travel counter clockwise in the sky.
Remember they are travelling during the day, but we can't see
them.
Constellations:
Groups of stars
that form a
picture. There
are 88
constellations.
In the Northern Hemisphere all stars rotate around
one special star called Polaris or the "north star".
An easy way to find it:
Stars take 24 hours to rotate around the
north star in the northern hemisphere.
Midnight
6 AM
6 PM
Noon
The Big Dipper is a circumpolar constellation, meaning it circles the North Star (Polaris) and it can be therefore seen year round in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Big Dipper moves
slightly each night so over
365 days it can be found in
different positions.
The Big Dipper will take 365 days to travel around the
north stars as well.
Meteors and Meteorites
Most of us probably have seen meteors or shooting stars. A meteor is the flash of light that we see in the night sky when a small chunk of interplanetary debris burns up as it passes through our atmosphere. If any part of a meteoroid survives the fall through the atmosphere and lands on Earth, it is called a meteorite.
Asteroids are generally larger chunks of rock that come from the asteroid belt located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The Sun's awesome power!!
­ The Sun is the closest star to the Earth
­ without proper eye protection it could cause permanent eye damage.
­ IT ONLY TAKES 3 SECONDS
­ There are no pain receptors in the retina of the eye so there is no pain to warn us of damage,
­ Cloudy days are not safe
­ Viewing should be done through proper eye wear
­ Examples: a pin hole camera or #14 welder's glasses
DON'T SUBSTITUTE 2 #7's
Special filters for telescope (but expensive)
Objects that Emit Light:
­ Stars, Sun, (source of energy)
Objects that reflect light:
­ satellites, the moon, comets, meteors, etc....
The reason for the seasons:
­ the 23.5 degree tilt (northern hemisphere tilted towards the sun)
­ the revolution of Earth around the Sun.
The planets revolve around the Sun and the Earth rotates on its axis.
Solar Eclipse ­ the sun (solar) is blocked on a section of Earth
sun is blocked
Lunar Eclipse
Whatever name comes
before the eclipse is
what is being blocked
out for our vision.
moon is blocked
Remember the Moon travels around the Earth like:
If not we would have lunar and solar eclipses once every cycle.
The Planets
In order from the Sun:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
The Inner Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Inner planets are:
-Warmer
- made of rock
- closer to the Sun
- smaller
The Outer Planets:
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
The Outer Planets are:
- made of gas
- much larger than the
inner planets
- far away from the Sun
Sky Science Review
1) Draw and explain a Solar Eclipse.
2) Draw and label the 8 moon phases starting with the 1st quarter
moon
3) Name the inner and outer planets. What are their main
differences?
4) Why do we have different seasons on Earth?
5) What is the difference between rotation and revolution? Give an
example of each.
6) It is Sept 1st and a New Moon, on what date would you predict you
might see a Full Moon?
7) Draw the Earth's position (tilt) during all 4 seasons.
8) If you were to record the sun rise and sun set times in February,
what would you notice about the times?
9) Draw and explain a Lunar Eclipse
10) Draw and describe what the Big Dipper would look like through the
year. (Sept, Dec., March, June)