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Ecosystems and Communities Understanding Ecosystems ~Reminder~ Ecosystems include all biotic (__________) and abiotic (__________) things in the same area Understanding Ecosystems 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Role of Climate Global Climate Change Aspects of Ecosystems Community Interactions Succession ~NICHE~ 4-2: Aspects of Ecosystems Terms to Define 1. Biotic Factors 2. Abiotic Factors – Aspects of Ecosystems 3. Habitat – The area in where an organism lives – Includes abiotic and biotic factors 4. Niche (“know your role”) – Full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way it uses those conditions • • • • • Food it eats How it gets food Where it gets its food Temp Predators Competitive Exclusion Principal No two species can ever, ever, ever occupy the SAME niche. Competition will force one out. Community Interactions Types of Interaction among community members 1. Competition 2. Predation 3. Symbiosis Community Interactions 1. Competition • Organisms of the same or different species want the same resources at the same place and time • What are some possible resources to compete over? Resources to compete over Food Mates ~Reminder~ Competitive Exclusion Principal No two species can ever, ever, ever occupy the SAME niche. Competition will force one out. Space Community Interactions 2. Predation • On organism captures and feeds on another Community Interactions 3. Symbiosis • Relationships in which two species live closely together 1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism 3. Parasitism Community Interactions Mutualism – Both organisms benefit from relationship – Examples Community Interactions Commensalism – One benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed – Examples Community Interactions Parasitism – One organism lives on or in another – Weakens, but tries not to kill the host – Examples Parasitism Succession Primary Succession – Colonization of a previously barren area Secondary Succession – Change from an existing ecosystem to a new one Succession When does succession occur? Receding Glacier Volcanoes Fires Succession Pioneer Species – 1st species to colonize the area Indicator Species – Species that indicates health of the area Invasive Species – Species that invades and takes over an ecosystem