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The inhabitants of planet earth and their relationships
Vocabulary:
Abiotic
Biotic
Reservoir- a place where nutrients stay
for a long period of time.
Exchange pool- a place where the
nutrient stays for a short period of time
Residency time-the time a nutrient stays
in the R or EP.
Law of conservation of matter- matter
cannot be created or destroyed
Precipitation
Groundwater
Evaporation
Transpiration
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Combusted – the burning of fossil fuels
Nitrogen fixation-atmosphereic N
changed into ammonia or nitrates b/c of
soil bacteria found on clover.
Nitrification – ammonium into nitrate
Assimilation – absorb nutirents
Ammonification- dead organisms into
nitrates or ammonium
Denitrication- release N from nitrates
and ammonium.
Terrestrial cycleAutotrophs-produce their own
compound
Heterotrophs-obtain energy by
comsuming
NPP- energy passed from plants up the
food chain
GPP-the amount of sugar produced by
plants minus the sugar needed for them
to live.
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
Detritivores- non living ( get energy
from)
Decomposers – nonliving and their
wastes.
Tropic levels
Food chains
trophic pyramid
Bioaccumulation
bioconcentration
food web
Biomes – land ecosystems
Aquatic life zones- water ecosystems
Ecotones- transition between two
ecosystems
ecozones (ecoregions) a smaller biome
or ALZ.
Law of Tolerance – degree at which an
organism can tolerate changes in their
environment.
Law of the minimum- organisms will
live until all resources are exhausted
Biodiversity
evolution
phylogenetic tree
species
evolutionary fitness
allopatric speciation
reproductive isolation
sympatric speciatin
extinction
Population
Community
Niche
Habitat
Competition – competeing for same
resource from different/same species.
Intraspecific competition - same
Inerspecific competition- different
Natural selection
Theory of evolution
Competitive exclusion – the better
species gets the food.
Gause’s principle – the same species can
occupy the same niche.
Realized niche – limited competition
Fundamental niche – no competetion
Predation
Symbiotic relationships Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Keystone species
The inhabitants of planet earth and their relationships
Indigenous species
Invasive species
Ecological succession
Primary succession
Pioneer species
Climax community
Habitat fragmentation
Ecotones
Edge effect
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Neutralism
Inertiadisturbance
Notes:
The water Cycle – describe the entire
cycle (pretty easy)
The Carbon Cycle- plants give off
carbon dioxide, when the carbon is
exposed to heat and pressure they
become coal. [ also released by volcanic
action] – two major reservoirs Earth
rocks and oceans
The nitrogen cycle 78% atmosphere,
21% oxygen
The phosphorus cycle –
Simplest cycle not found in the
atmosphere, local cycle, found in rock,
soil, and sediments released by
weathering- it is a fertilizer
SulfurOne of the components of
proteins and vitamins’, tied up in rocks
and salt, enters atmosphere through
human activity.
Food chains and their webs
Producers
Consumers
foodchainsBiomagnification
The world’s eco systems
Ecosystem Diversity
Relationships between species
How ecosystems change
Ecological succession