Download 23-1 Specialized Tissues in Plants

23–1
Specialized ___________________ in Plants
I) ________________ Plant Structure
A) The three principal ________________ of seed plants are roots,
______________, and leaves.
1) These organs perform functions such as the ____________________ of
nutrients, ______________________, and coordination of plant activities.
B) ________________:
1) absorb water and dissolved _____________________.
2) ________________ plants in the ground.
3) _________________ the plant from harmful soil bacteria and fungi.
C) ________________ provide:
1) a ___________________ system for the plant body.
2) a ___________________ system that carries nutrients.
3) a ___________________ system that protects the plant against predators and
disease.
D) _______________:
1) are a plant’s main _________________________ systems.
2) increase the amount of sunlight plants ______________________.
(a) Adjustable pores conserve water and let oxygen and carbon dioxide enter
and exit the leaf.
II) Plant _____________________ Systems
A) Plants consist of _________________ main tissue systems:
1) ___________________ tissue
2) ___________________ tissue
3) ___________________ tissue
B) Dermal _____________________
1) The outer covering of a plant consists of ______________________ cells.
(a) Epidermal cells make up ______________________ tissue.
•
The outer surfaces of epidermal cells are covered with a thick waxy
layer, known as the ________________.
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•
The cuticle _______________ the plant against water loss and injury.
•
Some epidermal cells have projections called ___________________,
that help protect the leaf and also give it a ________________
appearance.
2) In roots, dermal tissue includes root ______________ cells that provide a
large amount of surface area and aid in water ________________________.
3) On the underside of leaves, dermal tissue contains _________________ cells,
which regulate water loss and gas exchange.
C) __________________________ Tissue
1) Vascular tissue forms a ________________________ system that moves
water and nutrients throughout the plant.
2) Vascular tissue is made up of __________________, a water-conducting
tissue, and _______________________, a food-conducting tissue.
3) Vascular tissue contains several types of specialized cells.
•
Xylem consists of ____________________ and vessel elements.
•
Phloem consists of _________________ tube elements and
______________________ cells.
(b) Xylem
•
All seed plants have tracheids.
(i) Tracheids are long, narrow cells that are ___________________ to
water. They are pierced by openings that connect neighboring cells
to one another.
•
Angiosperms also have ____________________ elements.
(i) Vessel elements form a continuous ______________ through
which water can move.
4) Phloem
(a) Phloem contains sieve tube elements and ______________________ cells.
(b) Sieve tube elements are __________________ cells joined end-to-end to
form sieve tubes.
•
The end walls of sieve tube elements have many small
_____________.
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•
__________________ and other foods can move through these holes
from one adjacent cell to another.
5) Companion cells are phloem cells that surround sieve tube elements.
(a) Companion cells ________________ the phloem cells and aid in the
movement of substances in and out of the phloem.
D) ___________________ Tissue
1) Cells that lie between ______________ and vascular tissues make up the
ground __________________.
2) The three kinds of ground tissue are:
(i) _________________________
(ii) _________________________
(iii)_________________________
(b) Parenchyma cells have ____________ walls and large central vacuoles
surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm.
(c) Collenchyma cells have strong, ________________ cell walls that help
_______________ larger plants.
(d) Sclerenchyma cells have extremely _______________, rigid cell walls
that make ground tissue _________________ and strong.
III) Plant Growth and ____________________ Tissue
A) In most plants, new cells are produced at the ____________ of the roots and
stems.
1) These cells are produced in ____________________.
2) A meristem is a cluster of ________________ that is responsible for
continuing growth throughout a plant's lifetime
B) The new cells produced in meristematic tissue are _______________________.
1) As the cells develop into _______________ cells, they differentiate.
C) _________________________ is the process in which cells become
____________________ in structure.
1) As the cells differentiate, they produce _______________, ground, and
______________________ tissue.
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2) Near the ___________ of each growing stem and root is an _______________
meristem.
(a) An apical meristem is a group of ______________________ cells that
divide to produce increased length of stems and roots.
D) Meristematic tissue is the only plant tissue that produces new cells by
____________________.
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