Download Copyright © 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved. AP Physics

Copyright © 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved.
AP Physics Blizzard Bag 2014 - 2015 Atomic and Nuclear Physics
1.
The atomic symbol Ne represents neon. As shown above, the number 19 is the _________ and
represents the __________ in a neon atom.
A. mass number; the number of protons plus neutrons
B. mass number; number of protons plus electrons
C. atomic number; number of protons or electrons
D. atomic number; number of neutrons
E. neutron number; number of neutrons
2. As explained by the most current theory of atomic structure, the movement of an electron in
the space around the nucleus is most accurately described by...
A. an elliptical orbital path.
B. a probability distribution, or electron cloud.
C. a spherical orbital path.
D. a circular orbital path.
E. an orbital path that depends on quantum number.
3. A radioactive element that undergoes alpha decay emits ________, whereas one that
undergoes beta decay emits _________
A. positrons; electrons
B. protons; electrons
C. electrons; helium nuclei
D. helium nuclei; electrons
E. neutrons; protons
4. As explained by the Bohr model of the atom, the energy of an electron in orbit around the
nucleus may be...
A. one of a large number of discrete values.
B. exactly Z values only, where Z is the atomic number of the element.
C. exactly one value only.
D. any value greater than a certain minimum that depends on Z, the atomic number.
E. any value within a specific range of energies.
5. N = Noe-λt
The above equation defines the number of nuclei (N) as a function of time (t). The constantNo is
the number of nuclei at time = 0, and λ is called the decay constant.
This equation applies to which kinds of radioactive decay?
A. all types of radioactive decay
B. beta decay and electron capture only
C. radioactive decay involving very heavy nuclei only
D. alpha decay and beta decay only
E. alpha decay only
6. A photon can disappear and produce matter. What matter could be produced?
A. a positron only
B. an electron only
C. a positron and a proton
D. an electron and a positron
E. a proton and a neutron
7. The value of the Rydberg constant (R) is 1.0974 x 107 m-1. If λ represents a wavelength of light
emitted by an individual hydrogen atom, then which of these equations could show the
relationship between λ and R?
I. λ = R (1 − 1/22)
II. 1/λ = R (1 − 1/22)
III. 1/λ = 1/R (1 − 1/22)
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. II only
D. III only
E. I only
8. You find the mass of an atom of sodium-23 listed as 22.989770 in a table. What are the units
for this measurement?
A. atomic mass units
B. electron volts
C. milligrams
D. nanograms (10-9 g)
E. grams
9. Match the theory with the scientist who first proposed it.
I. There is an inherent indeterminancy in the position and momentum of particles.
II. The energy of atomic oscillations occurs in exact multiples of a discrete unit.
III. Electrons, atoms, and all particles with momentum also exist as waves.
IV. No two electrons in an atom may have the same set of quantum numbers
A. I-Heisenberg, II-Planck, III-de Broglie, IV-Pauli
B. I-Planck, II-Heisenberg, III-de Broglie, IV-Pauli
C. I-Heisenberg, II-Planck, III-Pauli, IV-de Broglie
D. I-Planck, II-Heisenberg, III-Pauli, IV-de Broglie
E. I-Heisenberg, II-Pauli, III-de Broglie, IV-Planck
10. The meaning of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is that, in theory, it is possible to very
precisely measure __________ of an object, but it is impossible to concurrently measure
________
A. the mass; its velocity
B. either the position or momentum; both quantities.
C. the position; its momentum
D. the momentum; its mass
E. the momentum; its position
11. As explained by Niels Bohr, the wave and particle aspects of light are...
A. irreconcilable.
B. complementary.
C. inherently contradictory.
D. inexplicable.
E. illusory.
12. Uranium-238 undergoes alpha decay to become
A. plutonium-242.
B. neptunium-238.
C. americium-95.
D. thorium-234.
E. uranium-238.
13. A molecule vibrates with a natural frequency of 2.7 × 1013 Hz. Which of the following is a
permitted value for the molecule's oscillation energy?
(Note: Planck's constant, h = 6.626 × 10–34 J·s)
A. 4.5 × 10–20 J
B. 3.6 × 10–20 J
C. 2.7 × 10–20 J
D. 6.3 × 10–20 J
E. 4.2 × 10–20 J
14. Helium is atomic number 2, and helium-4 has an atomic mass of 4.002603 amu. Therefore,
the value 4.002603 amu is ________ the sum of the masses of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
A. slightly greater than
B. exactly one half
C. exactly equal to
D. approximately twice
E. slightly less than
15. The half-life for the beta decay of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. What percent of a sample of
carbon-14 will remain after 9,200 years?
A. 33 percent
B. 61 percent
C. 44 percent
D. 40 percent
E. 20 percent