Download Nat 5 Cell Biology Success Criteria

National 5 Biology – Cell Biology Unit – Success Criteria
Success Criteria – Cell Biology - National 5
6. I know that a mitochondrion is the
Colour the box at the side of each objective:
site of aerobic respiration in a cell.
RED – I don’t know much about this or am confused by
7. I understand that extremely active
it.
cells such as sperm cells, muscle cells or
AMBER – I know a bit about this but do not feel I
liver cells will have many mitochondria
know it well.
to provide energy.
GREEN – I am very confident that I know this
8. I can identify a chloroplast in a
1. Cell Structure
1. I can identify a cell wall in a diagram.
2. I Know that the function of a cell wall is to
provide the cell with support (and stop the cell
bursting).
3. I can identify a cell membrane in a diagram.
4. I know that the function of a cell membrane
is to control entry and exit of materials to the
cell.
5. I can identify a mitochondrion in a diagram.
diagram.
9. I know that a chloroplast contains
chlorophyll and is the site of
photosynthesis in a cell.
10. I can identify the cell cytoplasm in a
diagram.
11. I know that the cell cytoplasm is the
site of all chemical reactions in the cell.
12. I can identify the vacuole in a
diagram.
National 5 Biology – Cell Biology Unit – Success Criteria
13. I know that the vacuole contains cell sap
22. I can list all of the organelles found in an
(water and solutes) and controls water
animal cell.
balance in a plant cell.
23. I can list all of the organelles found in a
14. I can identify a nucleus in a diagram.
plant cell.
15. I know that the nucleus controls all
24. I can list all of the organelles found in a
cellular activity.
fungal cell.
16. I can identify a ribosome in a diagram.
25. I can list all of the organelles found in a
17. I know that the ribosome is the site of
protein synthesis in a cell.
18. I know that bacterial cells do not have a
nucleus.
19. I know that bacterial cells have rings of
genetic material called plasmids.
20. I understand that a plant cell wall is
made of cellulose fibres.
21. I know that the structure of a cell wall
in bacterial and fungal cells is different to
the cell wall found in plant cells.
bacterial cell.
26. I can identify a cell as being either
bacterial, fungal, animal or plant in a diagram.
National 5 Biology – Cell Biology Unit – Success Criteria
2. Transport across cell membranes
1. I can identify the cell membrane in a
diagram.
2. I know that the cell membrane is made
up of phospholipids and protein.
8. I know that osmosis is the movement of
water molecules from an area of high
concentration to a lower water
concentration through a selectively
permeable membrane.
9. I understand that animal cells burst when
3. I understand that the cell membrane is
placed in a solution with a high water
described as being selectively permeable.
concentration.
4. I know that passive transport is the
10. I know that plant cells become turgid
movement of molecules down a
when placed in a solution with a high water
concentration gradient.
concentration and are prevented from
5. I understand that passive transport
does not require energy.
6. I can list diffusion and osmosis as
examples of passive transport.
7. I know that diffusion is the movement
of molecules down a concentration
gradient.
bursting by their cell wall.
11. I know that animal cells shrink and plant
cells become plasmolysed, when placed in a
solution with a low water concentration.
12. I understand that active transport is the
movement of molecules and ions against the
concentration gradient (low concentration to
high).
National 5 Biology – Cell Biology Unit – Success Criteria
13. I know that active transport requires
energy (provided by respiration).
5. I can describe the technique used to
grow cell cultures on an appropriate growth
14. I understand that proteins in the cell
media e.g. broths and agars.
membrane act as carrier molecules to transfer
6. I can define the meaning of ‘aseptic
ions or molecules across the membrane by
active transport.
3. Producing new cells
1. I can state that a diploid cell contains 2
matching sets of chromosomes.
2. I know that a diploid cell divides in a
process known as mitosis to maintain the
diploid complement.
3. I can describe the sequence of events in
mitosis including the involvement of the
equator and spindle fibres (names of phases
not needed).
4. I know that in early mitosis chromosomes
make an extra copy of themselves called
chromatids which are held together by a
centromere.
techniques’ (using sterile conditions).
7. I know how aseptic conditions are
achieved.
8. I can state that the growth of cell
cultures requires aseptic techniques.
9. I understand that all factors affecting
growth, such as pH, temperature, oxygen
and nutrient availability must be controlled
when culturing cells.
10. I know that mitosis is required by all
organisms for growth and repair of cells.
National 5 Biology – Cell Biology Unit – Success Criteria
4. DNA and the production of proteins
1. I can describe DNA as a double stranded
structure held together complementary base
pairs.
2. I know that DNA carries the genetic
information for making proteins.
3. I understand that DNA is made up of 4 bases,
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and
Guanine (G).
4. I know that A always pairs with T, and C
always pairs with G.
5. I know that the base sequence determines the
amino acid sequence in a protein.
6. I understand that the sequence of amino acids
in a protein determines the shape and function of
the protein.
7. I understand that mRNA carries a
complementary copy of the code from the DNA
in the nucleus, to the ribosome where the protein
is made.
5. Proteins and Enzymes
1. I can give examples of the functions of
proteins (structural, enzymes, hormones,
antibodies and receptors).
2. I understand that enzymes function as
biological catalysts.
3. I know that enzymes are made by all living
cells.
4. I can state that enzymes speed up the rate
of all biochemical reactions, and remain
unchanged by the reaction.
5. I know that the shape of the active site in an
enzyme is complementary to 1 specific
substrate.
6. I know that enzymes have optimum (best)
conditions (ph and temperature) in which they
work most effectively.
7. I understand that enzymes become denatured
(active site changes shape) slowing down the
rate of the reaction, out with the optimum pH
or when the temperature is too high.
National 5 Biology – Cell Biology Unit – Success Criteria
8. I know that enzyme action results in the
6. Genetic Engineering
formation of a product.
1. I know that genetic information can be
9. I understand that enzymes can be involved
transferred from one cell to another naturally
in synthesis (build-up) or degradation (break-
or by genetic engineering.
down) reactions.
2. I know the stages of genetic engineering, to
10. I can give examples of enzyme reactions.
include:
 Identify the section of DNA that
contains the required gene from the
source chromosome.
 Extract the required gene using enzymes.
 Extract plasmid from vector/bacterial
cell using enzymes.
 Insert required gene into
vector/bacterial plasmid using enzymes.
 Insert plasmid into host cell.
 Grow modified cells to produce a
genetically modified organism.
National 5 Biology – Cell Biology Unit – Success Criteria
7. Photosynthesis
1. I know that photosynthesis is a twostage process.
2. I can state that the first stage is the
light reaction.
3. I understand that in the light reaction
light energy from the sun is trapped by
chlorophyll (in the chloroplast) and is
7. I can state that the second stage of
photosynthesis is called carbon fixation.
8. I know that carbon fixation is a series of
enzyme controlled reactions, which use
hydrogen and ATP (produced in the first
stage), with carbon dioxide to produce sugar.
9. I can state that photosynthesis occurs in
the chloroplast.
converted into chemical energy (in the
10. I know that the sugar made in
form of ATP).
photosynthesis can be used for respiration,
4. I know that water is split to produce
hydrogen and oxygen.
5. I understand that hydrogen attaches
to a hydrogen acceptor molecule and is
carried to the second stage.
6. I can state that excess oxygen
diffuses from the cell as a by-product.
converted into starch (storage carbohydrate)
or cellulose (structural carbohydrate).
11. I understand that there are factors (light
intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and
temperature) which can limit the rate of
photosynthesis.
12. I understand the effect of limiting factors
when presented on a graph.
National 5 Biology – Cell Biology Unit – Success Criteria
8. Respiration
1. I know that respiration is a series of
6. I know that respiration occurs in two
enzyme controlled reactions where chemical
stages.
energy is released from glucose.
2. I understand that ATP is an energy carrier
made from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
3. I can state that the energy released from
the breakdown of glucose is used to
regenerate ATP.
4. I know that the chemical energy stored in
ATP can be released by breaking it down to
ADP and inorganic phosphate.
5. I can list examples of cellular activities the
energy from ATP is used for (muscle
contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and
transmission of nerve impulses).
6. I know that ATP can be regenerated during
respiration.
7. I can state that the first stage of
respiration occurs in the cell cytoplasm.
8. I understand that glucose is broken
down into pyruvate in the first stage.
9. I know that if oxygen is available
(aerobic conditions) pyruvate is broken
down into carbon dioxide and water.
10. I can state that in aerobic conditions
there are 38ATP synthesised from the
breakdown of one molecule of glucose.
11. I know that the second stage of aerobic
respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
12. I understand that when oxygen is not
present fermentation occurs.
13. I understand that in fermentation glucose is
still broken down into pyruvate.
14. I know that during fermentation in animal cells
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid.
15. I know that in fermentation in plant and yeast
cells, pyruvate is converted to ethanol/alcohol and
carbon dioxide.
16. I understand that the process of fermentation
continues in the cytoplasm.
17. I know that the breakdown of glucose via the
fermentation pathway yields only 2ATP in animal,
plant and yeast cells.
18. I know that respirometers are used to measure
the rate of respiration.