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Earth Chemistry
Chapter 4
Section 1 Matter
Page 80
Matter
•
•
Anything that has _______________ and takes up _______________
_______________ are matter
Physical Properties
•
•
Physical properties _____________matter
Some are observed through the ___________________:
• _______________ , _______________ , _____________,
_____________
•
Some can be ______________
– ____________point, strength, hardness, ability to
– conduct electricity (__________________), magnetism or heat
Density
_____________________________ is a physical property
• Density is how much ________________something has for its
________________
• Another way to say it is . . . how _______________ something is for its size
• Density is ________ divided by __________
Example:
If 10cm3 of ice has a mass of 9.17g,
what is the density of ice?
Mass m=9.17g
Volume = 10cm3
d = m/v
9.17g  10cm3 = ______________________
Physical properties
help determine uses
•
•
Why is copper used in electric power lines?___________________
Why is Styrofoam used for coffee cups? ________________________
Chemical properties
• Determine how a substance will _________________
• Generally ___________ as easy to observe as physical properties
• The chemical composition ______________________
A chemical property describes how a substance ________________
into a new substance
Either by:
• __________________ with other elements
• _________________ __________________ into new substances
Chemical properties include:
•
•
_____________________
____________________-ability to burn
Characteristic properties
help to ___________________and ______________________ substances
• Characteristic Properties are the _______________or
_____________________ characteristics the substance is known for
Example:
• Helium is light and non-flammable so it is good for
_____________________
element
A substance that cannot be separated or broken down
into simpler substances by __________________ means
More than _______elements occur naturally on Earth
Atoms are made of
• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons
Fill in this chart
Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Charge
Mass
Location
Elements are classified by the number of ____________
their atoms contain, which is their
_________________________ ________________________
1
H
1.00797
Hydrogen has an atomic number of ______________
• This means it has one proton (and so 1
______________________)
• The bottom number is the ____________________
____________________.
• H, hydrogen, has a mass of 1.00797.
111.007
Neutral Atoms
1.0
0797
97
In a neutral atom # of protons= # of
•
•
•
___________
The _______________ of an atom is usually ___________________
The number of protons _________________ the number of electrons
Ex. C (carbon) atomic number of 6, so 6 protons and ____electrons
Mass Number
• The mass number equals the number of ____________ and the number of
___________________
•
______________ = protons + neutrons
•
The mass number of Carbon is 12.0107
Isotope
• An atom with a different number of _________________ is called an isotope
• Hydrogen
usually is a
proton and
an electron
If it _____ a
neutron it is
considered
an isotope
• Fill in the blank with the names of these isotopes of Hydrogen
_____________
0 neutrons
_______________
1 neutron
____________________
2 neutrons
Half-lives
•
The ____________of decay of an isotope is called the half-life.
A half-life is the amount of time it takes for ___________ of the amount to
decay. It is __________________
Different elements have different half-lives
Radium-226=1620 years
Uranium-238 = ________ billion years
What have we studied that is roughly 4.5 billion years old? _________________
Average Atomic Mass
•Because the isotopes of an element have different masses the
periodic table uses __________________ atomic mass
Amu---_____________ ___________ __________
••Found by calculating the _____________ _____________ of the
atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopesBohr Planetary
Model
Electrons __________ the nucleus like ____________ orbiting the sun.
The orbits are called electron _________ or_______________, those close to
the nucleus hold fewer electrons than those far away.
Valence Electrons and Periodic Properties
•Elements in the periodic table are arranged in columns
based on similarities in their _________________properties
•These columns are called ________________
• Valence electrons are the electrons in the
___________energy level
• Every atom has between one and ____ valence electrons
_______________ dictate the many properties of a
material including chemical reactivity and physical attributes, like taste,
texture, appearance and color.
Quick Lab
How can physical properties separate a mixture?
Materials
Water
Plastic cups
Paper towels
Filter paper
Sample of mixture
Plastic spoon
Magnet
1. Design an experiment in which the given materials are used to separate the components
of the sample mixture. (Hint: Consider physical properties such as solubility, density,
and magnetism.)
2. Once you have separated the components of the sample mixture, describe them by their
physical properties.
Analysis
1. What properties did you observe in each of the components of the mixture?
2. How did these properties help you to separate the components of the sample?
3. Did any of the components share similar properties?
4. Based on your observations, what do you think the mixture was composed of?
5. How could you improve your experimental design?
6. How could you make the experiment more complicated?