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e electron: charge: spin: mass: radius: 1,602 .10-19 C 1/2 9,108 .10-28 g 2,8 .10-15 cm From: Dave Fehling, The Standard Model of Particle Physics: A Lunchbox's Guide Millikan‘s experiment (1911, Nobel Price in 1923): Oil droplets are sprayed in a chamber between two electrodes and charged by ionizing radiation. Their motion is observed by a microscope. e oil droplet oil droplet electrostatic force oil droplet e + - gravitational force e The sinking motion of the droplets caused by the gravitational field can be balanced by the correct adjustment of the voltage in the cell. electrons behave like particles: eee- e- electrons behave like electromagnetic waves: gap e- fluorescent screen What if single electrons are used instead of an electron beam? Example: 24 single electrons: gap e- example for a typical count: 2 5 12 4 Answer: local intensities of the diffraction pattern are represented by the probabilities to find an electron. 1 E insulator semiconductor conductor conduction band eEV valence band ex hydrogen oxygen hydrogen O H H H H O + energy