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NAME: ______________________________________________ PERIOD: ________ DATE: ________ UNIT 6: EVOLUTION VOCABULARY FRAYER MODEL 1. Read and annotate. The evolution of two or more species that is due to mutual influence, often in a way that makes the relationship more mutually beneficial… The ant and acacia tree are examples: the ant protects the tree and the tree has special structures that make food for ants. Flowers and pollinators are also examples of coevolution. 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ COEVOLUTION 4. Answer the question. When two or more species exist together in a relationship that is mutually beneficial; this is known as __________. A. Pollination B. Benefactors C. Coevolution D. Mutuality 1. Read and annotate. The theory that speciation occurs in spurts of major genetic alterations that punctuate long periods of little change. Punctuated equilibrium is a model of evolution in which short periods of drastic change in species, including mass extinctions and rapid speciation, are separated by long periods of little or no change. 3. Draw a picture representing the key term. 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM 4. Answer the question. The theory that shows short periods with a drastic change in the number of new species, is known as __________. A. Speciation B. Punctuation equilibrium C. Mass extinction D. Evolution 3. Draw a Picture representing the key term. NAME: ______________________________________________ PERIOD: ________ DATE: ________ UNIT 6: EVOLUTION VOCABULARY FRAYER MODEL 1. Read and annotate. The process by which Individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution. There are four parts: overproduction, inherited variation, struggle to survive, and successful reproduction 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ NATURAL SELECTION 4. Answer the question. The process that shows that some individuals are better adapted to their environment – which allows them to survive and reproduce is known as __________. A. Overproduction B. Inherited variation C. Successful reproduction D. Natural selection 3. Draw a picture representing the key term. 1. Read and annotate. Marked difference or deviation from the normal or recognized form, function or structure. Darwin noticed that the animals and plants on the Galápagos Islands were a lot like those in Ecuador. However, they were not exactly the same. The finches of the Galápagos Islands, for example, were a little different from the finches in Ecuador. And the finches on each island differed from the finches on the other islands. The beak of each finch is adapted to the way the bird usually gets food. 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ VARIATION 4. Answer the question. According to Darwin, ___________ explains why the tiny birds (finches) of the Galápagos Islands have marked differences in the function and structure of their beaks which are adapted for the food available on each island. A. Deviation B. Variation C. Differentiation D. Natural selection 3. Draw a picture representing the key term NAME: ______________________________________________ PERIOD: ________ DATE: ________ UNIT 6: EVOLUTION VOCABULARY FRAYER MODEL 1. Read and annotate. An alteration or adjustment in structure or habits, often hereditary, by which a species or individual improves its condition in relationship to its environment. Populations constantly undergo natural selection. After two groups have separated, natural selection may act on each group in different ways. Over many generations, the separated groups may evolve different sets of traits. If the environmental conditions for each group differ, the adaptations in the groups will also 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ differ. ADAPTATION 4. Answer the question. An alteration or adjustment in structure or habits, which allows a species or individual to improve its fitness in its environment is known as a/an __________. A. Adaptation B. Differentiation C. Natural selection D. Both A and B 3. 1. Read and annotate. The evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by the division of a single species into two or more genetically distinct ones. Speciation often begins when a part of a population becomes separated from the rest. The process of separation can happen in several ways. For example, a newly formed canyon, mountain range, or lake can divide the members of a population. SPECIATION 4. Answer the question. _____ involves the creation of a new distinct species which can only mate with members of the same species. A. Speciation B. Population C. Division D. Extinction Draw a picture representing the key term. 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ 3. Draw a picture representing the key term. NAME: ______________________________________________ PERIOD: ________ DATE: ________ UNIT 6: EVOLUTION VOCABULARY FRAYER MODEL 1. Read and annotate. Evolution of two or more species from a single species following geographic isolation. 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ GEOGRAPHIC (ALLOPATRIC) SPECIATION 4. Answer the question. When a population is separated or isolated by terrain and a new species is formed it is known as __________ A. Geographic speciation B. Allopatric speciation C. Both A and B D. None of the above 1. Read and annotate. The view that speciation proceeds by imperceptibly small, cumulative steps over long periods of time rather than by abrupt, major changes. 3. Draw a picture representing the key term. 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ GRADUALISM 4. Answer the question. _____ is the view that species evolve With very little or no change over long periods of time. A. Gradualism B. Punctuated equilibrium C. Natural selection D. speciation 1. Read and annotate. 3. Draw a picture representing the key term. 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ NAME: ______________________________________________ PERIOD: ________ DATE: ________ UNIT 6: EVOLUTION VOCABULARY FRAYER MODEL Scientists can determine the age of a fossil more precisely. Absolute dating is a method that measures the age of fossils or rocks in years. In one type of absolute dating, scientists examine atoms. Atoms are the particles that make up all matter. Atoms, in turn, are made of smaller particles. Some atoms are unstable and will decay by releasing energy, particles, or both. When an atom decays it becomes a different, and more stable, kind of atom. Each kind of unstable atom decays at its own rate. The time it takes for half of the unstable atoms in a sample to decay is the half-life of that type of unstable atom. By measuring the ratio of unstable atoms to stable atoms, scientists can determine the approximate age of a sample of rock. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ABSOLUTE (RADIOISOTOPE) DATING 4. Answer the question. The method that measure the age of fossils or rocks in years is known as A. Absolute dating B. Radioisotope dating C. Speed dating D. Both A and B 1. Read and annotate. The proper chronological placement of a feature, object, or happening in the geologic time scale without reference to its absolute age. Sedimentary rock has many layers. The oldest layers are usually on the bottom. The newest layers are usually on the top. The layers can tell a scientist the relative age of fossils. Fossils found in the bottom layers are usually older than the fossils in the top layers. So, scientists can determine whether a fossil is older or younger than other fossils based on its position in sedimentary rock. Estimating the age of rocks and fossils in this way is called relative dating. 4. Answer the question. ___________ is used to estimate the age of rocks and fossils using the layers of sediment as a reference – newer fossils are upper layers and older fossils are found in the lower layers of sediment. A. radioisotope dating B. relative dating C. absolute dating D. Both B and C 3. Draw a picture representing the key term. 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ RELATIVE DATING 3. Draw a picture representing the key term. NAME: ______________________________________________ PERIOD: ________ DATE: ________ UNIT 6: EVOLUTION VOCABULARY FRAYER MODEL 1. Read and annotate. The extent to which an organism is adapted to or able to produce offspring in a particular environment. 4. Answer the question. __________ describes who well adapted an organism is to survive and reproduce. A. Fitness B. Fossilization C. Creation D. Speciation 2. Summarize key term in your own words. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ FITNESS 3. Draw a picture representing the key term.