* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Grammar Unit 1 - Verbs Active vs. Passive Voice Infinitives Gerund
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek verbs wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish verbs wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin conjugation wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
German verbs wikipedia , lookup
Grammar Unit 1 - Verbs Active vs. Passive Voice Voice is the form a verb takes indicating whether its subject acts or is acted upon. Active: When a verb is in active voice its subject acts or does something. In the following examples, the subjects are underlined and the verbs are in bold. Notice that the subjects are acting out the verbs. -We are building a house for a family of four. -I did not make that call. -The dog bit our mail carrier. -He has fixed our computer twice already. Passive: When a verb is in passive voice, its subject receives the action or is acted upon. The passive form is often indicated by helping verbs (is, am, are, were, was, been) used with another verb. In the following examples, the subjects are underlined and the verbs are in bold. -The house is being built for a family of four. -That call was not made by me. -Our mail carrier was bit by the dog. -My computer has been fixed twice already. Infinitives An infinitive is a verbal consisting of the word “to” plus a verb (in its simplest "stem" form). An infinitive is usually easy to locate because of the to + verb form. Often times, you will be able to find the definition of a verb by looking its infinitive form up in the dictionary. The infinitives are underlined in the examples below. • • • • • To wait seemed foolish when decisive action was required. Everyone wanted to go. His ambition is to fly. We must study to learn. Examples: to fly, to draw, to become, to enter, to stand, to catch, to belong Gerund A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. Since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition. As such, you can replace a gerund in your sentence with another noun and your sentence will still make sense Gerund as subject: • Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is the gerund.) • The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (The gerund has been removed.) Gerund as direct object: • They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.) • They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed) Gerund as subject complement: • My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping.) • My cat's favorite food is salmon. (The gerund has been removed.) Gerund as object of preposition: • The police arrested him for speeding. (The gerund is speeding.) • The police arrested him for criminal activity. (The gerund has been removed.) Participles A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. Participles modify nouns or pronouns. There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles usually end in -ing. Past participles usually end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne as in the words asked, eaten, saved, dealt, seen, and gone. The participles are underlined in the examples below. • • • • The crying baby had a wet diaper. He walked away from the wrecked car. The burning log fell off the fire. She hugged the panting dog. Moods in Verbs • The indicative (indicating a state of factuality and reality): "A cat sits on the stove." Most sentences in English are in the indicative mood. It simply states a fact of some sort, or describes what happens, or gives details about reality. • The imperative (indicating a state of command): "Give me back my money." One marker of the imperative is that frequently the subject does not appear in the sentence, but is only implied: "(You) Give me back my money." • The interrogative (indicating a state of questioning): "Will you leave me alone now?" One marker of the interrogative is that frequently the speaker inverts the subject-verb order by placing the helping verb first, before the subject: "Will you leave me alone?" instead of "You will leave me alone." Frequently the interrogative appears with requests for a course of action or requests for information. • The conditional (indicating a conditional state that will cause something else to happen): "The light might turn on if I jiggle that switch." The conditional is usually marked by the words might, could, and would, AND it needs to include the condition (or the “if” part of the sentence).