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Transcript
Study Guide for Genetics Test (Ch.10.1 and Ch.12) *Be sure to study your human disorders chart and your notes. Your reading essentials is also a good review. 1. The father of genetics was _________ ____________. 2. He used ______ plants to study heredity. Garden pea plants reproduce sexually, which means they use the process of _________ to produce haploid ____________, also called male and female sex cells. The male gamete in peas forms in the ________ and the female gamete forms in the female reproductive organ. The fusing of a pollen grain with a female gamete is called ____________ and produces a diploid __________. 3. If an organism has 78 chromosomes in a somatic cell, it has _______ in each new cell after mitosis and __________ in each new cell after meiosis. After fertilization occurs, fusing two gametes, the zygote will have _______ chromosomes. 4. An allele is __________________________________. 5. A dominant allele __________ a recessive allele. You represent a dominant allele with ____________________________. 6. A recessive allele is ___________ by a dominant allele. You represent a recessive allele with a ____________________________. 7. A genotype is ________________________________________. There are 3 possible genotypes for an individual: a) _________________________________ represented by BB b) _________________________________ represented by bb c) _________________________________ represented by Bb 8. The only way to express a recessive trait is to have a _______________________ genotype. 9. A phenotype is _______________________________________. To name the phenotype, use the __________ from your punnett square. 10. Carrier means _______________________ genotype. 11. In sheep, black wool is dominant to white wool. If several matings between a black sheep and a white sheep produce 7 white and 5 black offspring, what are the parents’ genotypes? 12. A carrier of cystic fibrosis and a normal person marry. What are the children’s possible genotypes and phenotypes? 13. A person with abnormally shaped red blood cells marries a person homozygous dominant for the trait. What percentage of their children have this disorder? What is the name of the disorder? 14. Huntington’s is inherited on ________________ chromosomes and is characterized as a __________ disorder, the only one of this type. 15. A woman heterozygous for Huntington’s marries a normal man. What percentage of their children have the disorder? 16. Hemophilia and colorblindness are ________________________ disorders, meaning they are inherited on the ________________________ (the sex chromosome rather than an autosomal chromosome.) Who is more likely to express a sex-linked disorder – males or females? 17. Who determines the gender of a child? Mom or dad? Why? 18. If a couple has three daughters, what is the chance their next child will be a girl? 19. A man with hemophilia marries a carrier of hemophilia. What is the probability their daughters will inherit the disorder? Their sons? 20. Blood types are inherited by ______________ ___________, meaning more than 2 alleles control the trait. Types ______ and ________ are dominant and _________ is recessive. 21. A woman heterozygous for type A and a man homozygous for type B have a child. What are the possible phenotypes of the child? 22. When more than one gene controls a trait, this is called _____________ inheritance. Examples of this include _________ color, _________, and eye color in humans. 23. The environment influences gene expression (which is ____________). Examples of external influences are: _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________. Examples of internal influences include an organisms’ hormones, especially sex hormones, as well as age. 24. Define codominance and give two examples: 25. In chickens, feather color follows codominant inheritance. Show a cross between a black feathered chicken (B) and a white-feathered chicken (W). What is the phenotype of their offspring? 26. Define incomplete dominance and give two examples: 27. In snapdragon flowers, petal color follows incomplete dominance inheritance. Show a cross between a red (R’) flower and a white (R) flower. Next show a cross for the F2 generation. What are the resulting phenotypic ratios? 28. Work out a punnett square from the following illustration: