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Amino acids used in Animal Nutrition Presented during: Tanzania Poultry show Douglas Malala Technical Sales Manager Evonik East Africa December 4, 2015 AGENDA Introduction to Evonik and Evonik products Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition What are Amino acids? Types of AA How do Amino acids build protein? Concept of limiting Amino acids Meeting the Amino acid requirement Evonik services Conclusions Evonik is THE creative industrial group from Germany and one of the world’s leading specialty chemicals companies. Prince MANU-BARFO Evonik’s feed additives business Evonik AMINO Products • DLM Aqua Methionine formulated for Aquaculture • MetMet Unique Methionine for Crustacea Production sites worldwide Antwerp Antwerp Slovenska Lupca Blair Blair Wesseling Kaba Mobile Kaba Mobile New Biolys Plant Russia New Biolys Plant Brazil New MetAmino Plant Singapore Slovenska Lupca Wesseling Page | 7 Animal Nutrition - Global Sales Presence HN- HQ, Hanau-Wolfgang HN- EMEA, Hanau-Wolfgang HN- Asia North, Bejing HN- NA, Atlanta HN- Asia South, Singapore Accra HN- LA, Sao Paolo Headquarter Hanau Nairobi Regional Headquarter Regional Office AGENDA Introduction to Evonik and Evonik products Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition What are Amino acids? Types of AA How do Amino acids build protein? Concept of limiting Amino acids Meeting the Amino acid requirement Evonik services Conclusions Protein vs. Amino acids • Amino Acids are… the building blocks of protein • Crude Protein (CP) consist not only of amino acids, but also of non-protein nitrogen, e.g. ammonia • Animals do not have a requirement for protein per se, but rather for the appropriate level and balance of individual amino acid. How do Amino Acids build protein? Individual Amino Acids • • • • Several Amino acids make a peptide chain A peptide chain can be up to 500 amino acids! Since there are only 20 amino acids, several will repeat! A protein is made up of one or more polypeptide chains Peptides Proteins Page 11 How many amino acids are there? 22 Tryptophan Methionine Glutamine Aspartic Acid Lysine Arginine Proline Phenylalanine Leucine Isoleucine Glycine Serine Threonine Cysteine Categories of Amino Acids While there are 22 in total, only 20 are of primary interest for animals In 1938, Rose divided these amino acids into two groups: Essential (indispensable): • Those that cannot be synthesized by the animal in quantities sufficient for optimum performance and must be supplied in the feed Non-essential (dispensable): • Those that do not have to be provided in the diet and that can be synthesized by the body. All amino acids are important and must be present for an animal to grow (i.e. all are necessary for protein synthesis by the body). Page 13 Categories of Amino Acids Essential Non-essential Methionine Cysteine / Cystine Lysine Tyrosine Threonine Glycine Tryptophan Serine Arginine* Proline / Hydroxyproline Isoleucine Alanine Leucine Aspartic acid Valine Asparagine Histidine* Glutamic acid Phenylalanine Glutamine How do Amino Acids build protein? How it works…… If during this process, there is an insufficient pool of just one of the required amino acids that the signal has called for… Then protein synthesis stops! X Peptides Proteins This introduces the principle of a limiting amino acid and defining an animal’s requirement for specific amino acids… Page 15 Limiting Amino Acids • For correct protein synthesis, the required Essential and Non essential amino acids must be present according requirements of the genetic code • If the specific Essential amino acid required to extend the peptide chain is absent then this amino acid “stops” protein synthesis (“LIMITS”). • If its Non essential amino acid then the body will obtain it via auto synthesis • The first Essential amino acid to limit protein synthesis is called “First Limiting”, the second to limit synthesis is called “second Limiting” and so on • Sufficient quantity of Limiting amino acids in the diet therefore will determine whether the other amino acids will be efficiently utilized for protein synthesis Page 16 The Liebig-Barrel Model for the concept of limiting AA Arg Arg Protein synthesis (water level, performance) increases with DL-Met supplementation => essential AA from feed Met Met Lysine becomes second limiting Further performance increase only with additional Lysine Surplus amino acids reduced All amino acids above water level => Utilisation CANNOTof each individual amino be stored acid improved and will thus be =>Utilisation of protein metabolised (nitrogen) improved => N-Excretion Dose-response trial Arg Arg Met Met Arg Met Arg Met Arg Met gain, ggain, g a+b Y = a + b * (1 - e (-c * X)) a 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,050,10 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,20 Supplemental DL-Met (% of diet) Supplemental DL-Met (% of diet) 0,25 0,25 Limiting Amino Acids Order of limiting amino acids Poultry Swine 1. Methionine 2. Lysine 1. Lysine 3. Threonine 2. Threonine 4. Valine / Isoleucine… 3. Methionine 4. Tryptophan 5. Valine / Isoleucine… The limiting amino acid depends on the species, type of diet, and productive function. Meeting the animal’s requirements How do I eliminate deficit of amio acids ? Must I use supplemental Amino acids? NO!!! Meeting the animal’s requirements To eliminate the deficit of an amino acid there are 2 options: More soyabean or fish meal Phe Trp Val Ile Supplementing synthetic Amino acids Phe Trp Val Ile Phe Trp Val Ile Thr Met Lys Arg Thr Met Lys Arg Thr Met Lys Arg The Liebig-Barrel Benefits of free supplemental AA Arg Arg Arg Met Met Met Supplementation of DL-Methionine Increase of dietary Met by a protein source =>Reduced cost of diets => improved utilisation of N Increase AA balance accuracy Reduce CP of diets Increase cost of diets increase CP of diets => Increase N excretion increased AA imbalance Less is MORE! As discussed previously, animal need AMINO ACIDS, not protein If we add TOO MUCH protein, the animal will have to excrete the excess, unused amino acids as urine or uric acid…it is WASTED What’s more, the animal has to do chemical work to excrete this excess So it uses energy that would otherwise be used for growth, or egg production, or milk production AGENDA Introduction to Evonik and Evonik products Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition What are Amino acids? Types of AA How do Amino acids build protein? Concept of limiting Amino acids Meeting the Amino acid requirement Evonik services Conclusions = Cooperation and Partnership = Tanzania Page | 25 Service for the Feed Industry FA services Animal Nutrition Consulting: Amino acid recommendations Feed formulation Consulting Customer process Ingredient prices Availability restrictions FA services Analytical Services: Amino acids in feedstuffs Feed formulation (Linear programming) Current formulation Handling Solutions: Amino acid handling & direct dosing Grinding / Mixing / Supplementing Analytical Services: Total amino acid content: actual vs. target Complete feed Quality control Animal Nutrition Presentation Page | 26 Analytical Services: Mixer profiles (suppl. AA) AminoLab / NIR® AminoDAT® AminoChick® Conclusions • Amino Acids are essential nutrients for healthy animals and efficient production • Protein is NOT essential; rather the amino acids contained in protein • Best Results are obtained with balanced diets, especially amino acids • Reducing crude protein in feed improves performance and health, reduces pollution and can save money • Evonik have a complete range of products and extensive services to help you… • MAKE MORE MONEY Prince MANU-BARFO Prince MANU-BARFO