* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Monitoring transgenic animals
Survey
Document related concepts
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Genetic testing wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified food wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics in learning and memory wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Monitoring transgenic mice Which lines need monitoring? 1. New lines produced by: Gene targeting or insertional transgenesis Mutagenesis, natural or induced 2. Subsequent germ-line genetic change such as breeding to homozygosity or deletions due to action of recombinases (Cre and Flp) 3. Change of environment Assessing the welfare of GA mice: Report of GA mouse welfare assessment group. April 2006 Lab Animals 40(2), 111-114 Monitoring transgenic mice Which lines need monitoring? 1. New lines produced by: Gene targeting or insertional transgenesis Mutagenesis, natural or induced 2. Subsequent germ-line genetic change such as breeding to homozygosity or deletions due to action of recombinases (Cre and Flp) 3. Change of environment All lines where a heritable genetic manipulation may have consequences for the welfare of the mouse Need for development of a welfare profile that can be shared between institutions along with the mouse line Monitoring transgenic mice Who participates in monitoring? Animal technicians Veterinarians or facility managers Researchers ACEC members Monitoring transgenic mice Who participates in monitoring? Animal technicians Veterinarians or facility managers Researchers ACEC members Animal technicians should be involved in welfare assessment. In-house training must be given in assessment that is: Structured Standardised Easy to learn Quick to perform Regularly reviewed Monitoring transgenic mice Who analyses the data? Researcher ACEC Animal technicians Facility vet Monitoring transgenic mice Who analyses the data? Researcher Animal technicians Facility vet ACEC Research investigators and facility management should determine whether welfare concerns exist for each GM line and report any concerns to ACEC. Needs establishment of benchmarks and required numbers Monitoring transgenic mice What action is to be taken when deleterious phenotypes are recognised? ACEC informed of welfare concerns Researcher and facility manager work together on a management plan to minimise adverse welfare consequences Animal technicians continue to assess welfare as recommendations are implemented Necessary actions concerning relevant treatments and humane endpoints to form a welfare profile for the line Monitoring transgenic mice How do deleterious genetic changes arise? Apart from desired genetic alteration, additional changes may occur: • Genetic drift-spontaneous mutations occur over time • Random insertion transgenics-injection of DNA into pronucleus Mechanical damage to embryo Disruption of gene at site(s) of insertion • Gene targetted lines- manipulation of embryonic stem cells poor handling of es cells in culture leads to chromosome loss Monitoring transgenic mice What is normal for this mouse line? The strain background used to produce the mice must be taken into consideration: C57BL/6 B6D2 F1 (C57BL/6 x DBA2) B6SJL F1 (C57BL/6 x SJL) FVBn 129 (various substrains) can be mixed, and composition unknown. What are the appropriate controls to use for • growth charts • behavioural differences • reproductive performance • susceptibility to disease Comparison to littermates is often the most meaningful control Monitoring transgenic mice How can conditions be improved for the mouse? • Change in housing – – • Change in background strain – – • To improve breeding performance To lessen effects of a severe phenotype Change in breeding strategies – • • Conventional to barrier Noise reduction Maintaining heterozygous breeding pairs Specialist care Recognising humane end-points