Download Energy Metabolism in the Erythrocytes of Premature

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Energy
Metabolism
in
Infants
Compared
the
Erythrocytes
to Full
Term
Infants
By
RUTH
T
HE
GRoss,
T.
The
in
by
key
maintenance
others.4
It has
the
content
red
blood
of
also
of
system,
The
purpose
1)remattlre
fcr
levels
intact
of
the
cnly
for
alterations
of
in
the
tile
the
The
2 days
from
(
lysed
chloride
energy
Tile
enZyfllatic
enzyme.
an
initial
excess
measured
hemolysate
to
of
the
mature
cytochrome
Embden-Meyerhof
2 ATP).
the
red
blood
which
of
of these
compared
to
re-
are
ATP
the
and
adenine
full
of
be
herein
generation
content
cells
might
Presented
the
by
adults
of
nucleo-
term
newborn
taken
to
In
in
of
the
auxilliary
according
(expressed
that
instance
10
system.
enzymes
the
as
tile’
was
tecilnics
total
were
were
of
of
Enzyme
activity
Optimal
substrate
employed.
amount
of
technics
assay
and
optimal
to
are
to
the
were
following
Optilllal
llemoglohiml)
citrate
in
the
than
found
proportional
tile
the
ag
blood.
acid
with
other
were
was
concentrations
Thus,
indicated,
in
7 days.
whole
was
resuspended
tissues
activity
was
and
1 to
from
and
published
each
Gm.
fronl
of
laboratory
0. 15
NI
hydroxide.
for
enzyme
nurseries
and
anticoagulant
washed
to
term
2180
age
separated
the
socliunl
designed
conditions
rate
to
in
were
with
full
hospital
1040
ranged
tilat
cells
7.4
and
were
fronl
infants
according
assays
the
nlinutes.
assay
to
the
pH
perforuled
determine
each
weight
except
to
original
premature
subjects
Erythrocytcs
) and
adjusted
were
tile
in
described5
blood
was
tile
adult
newborn
actieitrj:
4 parts
METhoDs
froni
The
terni
previously
assays
p?riod
liemlloglObin
in
In
intact
the
+
span.
as the
AND
ranged
full
enzynwtic
Since
was
an
via
utilization
emphasized
cells.57
metabolism
life
infants
infants
which
considerations.
cyte
the
examine
infants
Center.
The
as
1 ilart
sodium
care
to
involved
healthy
premature
of
and
(lextros”
span
adults,
of normal
and
level
was
) as well
Hospital
7 weeks.
to
Measurements
washed
of
2 lactate
‘
of premature
were
Municipal
personnel.
of
and
been
erythrocytes
substrate
in
enzymes
( ADP
subjects
Bronx
life
and
adults.
young
The
a shortened
has
activity
2 pi
MATERIAL
tile
BROUNSTEIN
) generation
aging
erythrocyte
erythrocytes
and
A.
infants
span
the
vivo
study
present
in
cycle
+
tile
diphosphate
infants
at
shortened
activity
adenosine
in
Krebs
2 ADP
+
infants
sponsible
have
life
that
with
decreases
cf
SUSAN
newborn
( ATP
erythrocyte
reported
lacking
( glticose
infants
term
triphosphate
normal
is generated
ATP
pathwayS4
AND
51.12
been
ATP
cell,
SCHROEDER
of full
adenosine
of
Adults
premature
erythrocytes
chromium
role
the
tides
cf
to tile
measured
as
A. R.
ELEANOR
ERYTHROCYTES
compared
and
of Premature
Newborn
for
the
he
constant
determined,
for
of
and
activities
of
substrate
Hexokinase
stated:
erythro-
concentration
enzymatic
amounts
following
erythrocytes,
an
were
and
(Slein
of
et
the Department
of Pediatrics and Dirision
of Human
Heredity,
Albert
Einstein
of Medicine
and The Bronx Municipal
Hospital
Center,
New York,
N. Y.
study
was supported
by grants
from
the United
States
Public
I-Iealth
Sereice
(RG
8227
C-i)
and the Health
Research
Council
of the City of New York (U-i 039).
Submitted
Dec. 6, 1962; accepted
for publication
Feb.
1, 1963.
Frcm
College
ThLs
755
BLOOD,
VOL.
21,
No.
6
(JUNE),
1963
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 18, 2017. For personal use only.
756
CROSS,
al.9 )-glucose
20
fructose-6P
er1
xmoles,
3.4
hemoglobin
jxmoles,
) -3-phospllogiyceric
I ) -phosphoenol
U
acid
and
75
etmoles
cimvette
for
I)llotometer
dt 340
Henloglohin
nlifllmte.
each
I1letilOd2
afl(l
For
the
was
assay
the
lienioglobin
of
ml.
loss
activity
were’
greater
above
100
as
to
tile
closely
following
sui)ject.
i)iOO(i
in
of
ATP
I)ossii)ie
of
a(ided
a
1/5
in
The
the
for
volume
1)H
of
9.2,
period
up
ATP
tilat
an
equal
of
1.0
NI
for
days
thawing
mg.
tile
enzyme
enZyllles,
and
100
than
for
of
Following
purpOse
of
11011l)-
concentration
activity.
tile
the
of
assay
pilOspllofructc)kiIl:l
concentration
of
In
to
tile
the
100
111g. /1111.
ATP
was
nleasured
ice
two
reaction
mixture
aiiquots.
One
was
bucket
for
could
AlT
of
15
and
the
the
AlT
in
to
effort
activity
in
stirred
and
for
5 minutes
used
without
filtered
frozen
and
to
x g.
further
witil
then
stored
was
1000
treat-
of its
buffer,
for the
1/4
carbonate
and
and
at
used
10
-
to
tile
allowed
at
mixed
potassium
NI
tile
Separation
blood0
weight/volume)
cent
and
minutes,
(lescribed
mlletilod
present
assay
this
alllount
assay
filtrate
was
over
blood,
97
range
cent
et
was
ad(ied
C.
for
a
to
added
the
exces
by
mill. Activity
0.010
the
for
in
provi(ied
0.1
of
of
51cm
AlP
of
generally
the
per
by
ilexokinase
the
upon
the
an
ADP.
for
tile
1.3
be
dependent
of filtrate
added
and
filtrates
in
whole
was
was
that
controls
chilled.
combined
time
fasting
( 6 per
centrifuged
5OIllC
or
metabolic
and
The
then
tile
deternlifled
feeding
Heparinized
acid
aliquot
by
was
amount
was
was
two
In
continued
percilioric
cilloride.
It
of
adult
tile
avoided.
cold
at
later
by
corres-
conditions,
infants
in tile
healthy
it was
deproteinized
of
into
as
would
in viVo
obtained
influenced
minimize
intentionally
second
choose
were
chosen
inlmedliateiy
activity.
amount
known
order
to
normal
however,
not
vhicli
under
taken
feeding;
were
minutes.
nleasurenlents
Ai)P
Sanlples
were
an
hexokinase
of
to
& Sons
other
freezing
Increasing
increased
and
was
personnel
witilout
loss
enzynlaticaily
An appropriate
\Vilen
tile
by
less
desired
obtain
hydrochloride
to
measured
last
the
triethanolamine
in
proportional
Care
magnesium
The
rate
siiiin the
spectro-
Boehringer
for
lysis
all (leternhinations
to
nurseries.
voiumlle
45
stand
tile
filtrate.
to
ADP.
of
to
as
of ATP
observed.
were
to
was
magnesiunl
henloglobin
cyannlethenlogloi)in
F.
not
to
a llemoglobin
hospital
were
of
measureillent
lead
studies
nucleotides
assay
10
the
C.
activity.
nlucil
having
after
sanipies
NI
allowed
enZymllatic
these
fluid was divided
for ATP. The
assay
1.0
pnloiesGm.
by
but
prior
eflZylllt’
In order
subjects.
bucket
supernatant
nient
the
erythrocytes
ice
as
containing
not
as
levels
tile
were
tile
volumile
an
1111. did
.ADP:
to
laboratory
imllme(iiately
stand
of
diiute(l
In
and
healthy
the
of
The
final
voluille
a Zeiss
PMQII
fronl
activity,
ilemolysates
of
and
vitro,
washing
so
fronl
as
Hospital
vigorous,
ol)taifle(l
suspension
loss
per
he
and always
3 hours
of the two adenine
obtain
uiiloles
mg.
witil
lysis.
environmilents
(0(11 (lay
the levels
and
mug.
precautions
controlled
8
0.5
expressed
each
sanlple
suspensions
activity.
obtained
Mea.sureinent
lIonel
and
Rackerit)
)
( Wim and Rackkinase
( B#{252}cher and
kinase
Pyruvate
conlmerciaiiy
cell
exilibited
could
enzyme
prior
blood
Erythrocyte
lysis
of
obtained
mg.
witil
were
were
for
pllosphofructokinase
red
critical.
liemolysate
tile
without
or
of
of tile
before
hefllOglOi)ifl
lysis,
were
mlleasurenlent
er
0.05
of potassiunl
chloride,
was
1.0 ml. Readings
activities
in duplicate
acid
Co.
concentration
found
to he
globin
hemoglobin
BROUNSTEIN
( \Vu
Pbiospbioglyceric
comllhine(i
enzyies
Chemical
nlg.
unloles,
net. All enzyne
was nleasure(i
Auxilliary
Signla
5
pyruvate
AND
Phospbwfructokina.se
mg.
0.5
1 p.nloie
Pfleidererm
I)lllte
1.6
hemoglobin
SCHROEDER
0.055
th
was
xnloies.
compound
was
recovered.
ADP
for
the
that
Illeasurement
the
rate
Activity
5The
cytes.
kinase
reaction
was
to
miucleotides
contributions
comllnlerciaily
& Soils.
the
by
pyruvate
proportional
adenine
Tile
A
inger
was
of
enzymaticaiiy
of
in
of
available
the
botil
kit
the
Pyruvate
dependent
quantity
plasmaI:
for
upon
of
tiliS
Al)P
are
blood
whole
described
Illetllod
activity.f
and
tile
derived
other
determlllmlatiOn
the
in
by
kinase
may
was
amount
of
filtrate
over
almost
cellular
B#{252}cher and
entirely
elements1’
i)e
obtained
dl
added
AI)P
in
in
the
the
range
fronl
are
from
excess
of
tile’
so
filtrate.
0.002
erythmo-
negligible.
C. F. Boehr-
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 18, 2017. For personal use only.
ENERGY
METABOLISM
iN
RBC
Table
OF
757
INFANTS
PREMATURE
1.-Erythrocyte
Enzyme
Activity0
Full
Adults
ilexokina,w
Niean
Range
of
illeami
(
0.95
1.73
1 .14-2.
17
1.48-2.75
0.087
0.092
( 16)
( 11 )
6.63
4.95
5.27
Range
4.98-7.97
4.02-5.85
3.92-7.23
0.25
0.18
0.19
( 14 )
(
108.
151.
154.
)6-145.
120-180.
130-235.
3.29
5.48
7.70
of
miltail
Range
SE.
of
mean
Pyrucate
( 28 )
Kina.w
Range
5.35-15.31
SE.
of
age
of
to
the
full
ternl
newborn
(
(
7.35-19.29
3.24-17.93
0.51
7 days;
1 to
Was
19)
11.62
0.52
iilfamlts
13)
11.83
0.36
miean
)
12
( 21 )
8.92
NIeaml
of
tile’
premllature
was
generally
infants,
7 weeks.
#{176}Enzymlle activity
is expresse(1
t Nunlbers
in parentheses
f Pilospiloglyceric
aci(i
0.017
to
13)
1.85
( 13 )
PGA Kina.sei
Mean
\\‘hen
(
Nleaml
SE.
Tile
Infants
)
12
0.088
Pho.sphiofructokinus(’
2 (lays
Premature
Infants
( 13 ) f
063-2.1()
SE.
Term
Newborn
itnloies.
known
An
Gmll.
nimmilber
of
slmi)jects
stli(iie(l.
kinase.
appropriate
Al)P
itNI
as
=
of
amllOunt
adde(l
was
to
tile
filtrate
blood,
for
per
97
assay
this
cent
of
the
added
0.4
compound
ml.
was
recovered.
Each
assay
readings
was
were
results
adjusted
to a final
performed
were
witll
expressed
as
a
/xmlloies
volume
Zeiss
ATP
of
of
PNIQII
1.0
ml.
in
the
cuvette.
spe’ctropilotomlleter
or Al)P
p’r
gram
Spectrophotometric
at
of
340
nlx.
the
reactions
The
final
ilemllogiobin.
RESULTS
Tile
the
levels
of activity
generation
were
) and
No
Of
level
the
of
of
fants
(p
tivity
WaS
infants
newborn
differences
were
hexokirwse
erythrocytes
(p
found
<
=
#{176}The
significance
distribution
test.
premature
which
acid
the
catalyze
kinase
erythrocvtes
observed
and
pyruvate
of premature
(p
infants
which
the
full
and
ADP
(p
to
term
for
kinase,
infants
.001 ) compared
<
between
found
infants
compared
(p
to
significantly
.001)
and
full
tile difference
is
ATP
was
to he
of
enzymes
adults.
newborn
and
1).
in
activity
.001)
<
=
two
in
term
infants
(table
two
reactions
premtttire
the
pho.s’phoglyceric
increased
full
significant
cf
ATP,
significantly#{176}
.001
<
of
<
=
adults;
the
decreased
term
betweell
utilized
to
newborn
tile
i)e
.001)
and
level
ill
of
the
was
the
increased
full
term
in
newborn
phosphofructokinase
erythrocytes
(
infants
nwans
is generated,
significantly
=
eStai)iisiled
.001)
by
inac-
of
<
the
premature
compared
tile
students
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 18, 2017. For personal use only.
758
GROSS,
Table_2.-Erythrocyte
Content
____-
of
SCHROEDER
ATP
AND
BROUNSTEIN
ADP#{176}
and
Adults
FuilTerm
Newborn
Infants
Premature
Infants
(21)
(31)f
(33)
Nlean
3.86
4.38
Range
2.33-4.76
2.92-5.52
4.07-7.08
0.13
0.13
0.19
(33)
0.40
(15)
0.38
ATP
SE.
of
mean
ADP
NIean
(30)
0.34
0.18-0.57
Range
SE.
of
ATP
+
mean
ADP
5.66
0.14-0.64
0.24-0.51
0.02
0.02
0.02
(15)
(30)
(31)
Mean
4.21
4.75
5.75
Range
2.65-5.25
3.14-6.03
4.36-7.02
0.14
0.14
0.20
(30)
(31)
(15)
SE.
of
mean
ADP
x 100
ATP
+ ADP
Mean
Range
SE.
The
of
age
2 days
to
aContent
ADP
of
tile
in
No
newborn
The
of
In
newborn
(p
<
=
was
was
‘Gill.
1 to
7
0.30
days;
of
ATP
hemoglobin;
the
of
the
premature
adenosine
content
of full
0.001)
significantly
were
of
of
term
) than
in
(p
ATP
plus
newborns
to
increased
over
percentage
content
significantly
in
In
erythrocytes
adults.*
the
#{176}All
comparisons
cOillpOunds,
eacll
subject.
were
the
of ATP
based
upon
and
adults.
that
erythrocytes
term
erythrocytes
of
of
premature
ADP
levels,
determinations
2).
full
the
group
term
of premature
increased
significantly
mean
corn-
increased
0.005)
>
value
term
full
for
newborns
+
term
infants
as well
obtained
prematures
( table
of
significantly
0.01
<
of full
the
) than
adults.
was
=
The
of
newborns
erythrocytes
not
or the
ADP
(p
the
of
0.001
<
=
premature
(p
X
from
infants
<
=
the
prematures
0.001).
100
did
not
ATP
newborn
the
as the
in
and
of ADP
and
premature
erythrocytes
(p
0.05 ) . In the
<
was
newborns
the
in full
the
=
ADP
compared
the
infants
in
ATP
increased
to adults
in
premature
0.001
<
=
between
greater
) and
erythrocyte
term
observed
ADP
differ
triphosphate;
studied.
ADP
The
infants,
1).
content
was
full
subjects
significantly
(p
compared
the
either
of
0.001
<
=
ADP
level
The
total
erythrocytes
was
ATP
of
infants
to
jxnloles
( table
greater
the
pared
infants
differences
addition,
content
infants,
0.27
number
(p
significantly
The
as
infants
newborn
adults.
was
0.43
newborn
significant
content
term
in
term
parentileses
to adults.
term
6.6%
3.8-8.3
(iiphosphate.
full
full
full
adenosine
I Numbers
8.5%
5.1-12.0
nlean
7 weeks.
is expressed
=
8.lc’
3.7-14.3
combined
the
infants
percentage
same
from
content
values
sample
for
the
of
blood
the
of
two
in
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 18, 2017. For personal use only.
ENERGY
METABOLISM
was
ADP
borns
RBC
IN
significantly
and
to the
OF
PREMATURE
(p
reduced
0.01
<
=
759
INFANTS
0.005),
>
compared
to the
new-
adults.
DIscusSIoN
Previous
investigations
directly
involved
monophosphate
of
young
of
in
shunt
either
have
the
levels
of
( glucose-6-phosphate
subjects
activity
the
Embden-Meyerhof
revealed
increased
erythrocyte
pathway
activity
in the
dehydrogenase,
dehydrogenase
levels
of activity
and
aldolase’5
) . The
present
in three
additional
enzymes
and
infants
premature
of
: hexokinase,
enzymes
or
red
the
hexose
blood
cells
6-phosphogluconic
studies
in the
demonstrate
erythrocytes
phosphoglyceric
acid
increased
of newborn
kinase
and
pyruvate
kinase.
particular
Of
interest
is the
finding
phosphofructokinase
enzyme
compared
to
adults.
This
in an enzymatic
activity
is the
step
Several
observations
role
though
glucose
found
to equal25
counted
in
for
the
in
young
by
the
erythrocytes.
of phosphofructokinase
may
glucose
via the Embden-Meyerhof
Evidence
for
an
alteration
by the
is markedly
which
increased
is in
reduced
compared
The
increase
is seen
full
The
blood
full
removes
birth
than
(fig.
ADP:ATP
by the
the
red
that
in erythrocyte
percentage
term
newborn
ATP
in
blood
ATP
infants
and
premature
from
weights
were
cells
between
one
+ ADP
acid
the
the
deviation
ratio
of activity
observed
of
of
the
of
of pre-
newborn
infants
of
adults.
In
accompanied
ADP
is
by
a
significantly
adults.
infants
consideration
were
greater
standard
erythrocytes
is not
of
activity
metabolism
studied.
erythrocytes
content
ac-
pathway
to adults
is provided
of erythrocyte
ATP
cells
the
been
be
decreased
in the
being
in the
in
has
could
shunt
infants
and
The content
than
infants
monophosphate
possibility
may
is seen
to
observations
than
2000
1000
ATP
above
the
be
even
obtained
Gm.
Among
to 2000
in each
Gm. and
instance
mean
value
for
1).
levels
phosphoglyceric
differences
existed
greater
newborns
altered
kinase,
in
enzyme
observations
17 infants,
ranging
in birth
weight
from
2 days to 7 weeks,
the level of erythrocyte
be explained
red
to both
in erythrocyte
to be
term
level
in erythro-
tissues.’#{176}24 Al-
newborn
activity
greater
the increase
ADP.
The
striking
when
one
four
infants
whose
the remaining
in age from
the
significantly
other
a rate
limiting
factor
pathway
is currently
in metabolic
over
turn
the premature
infants
relative
increase
in
more
from
hexose
decreased
activity
may
is not known.
of this
in
of
infants
compared
to full term newborn
data regarding
the adenine
nucleotides.
mature
activity
these
The
be
the
infants
of
of glucose
glycolysis
adults,
of the
knowledge,
metabolism
erythrocyte
premature
phosphofructokinase
of erythrocytes
of
of
of the
and
our
erythrocytes
that
activity
subjects’
the
that
control
exceed26
by increased
for
activity
newborn
to
to which
metabolism
however,
the
utilization
or
term
report,
essential
indicate,
a significant
full
first
cytes
of young
subjects.
The extent
be a rate
limiting
factor
in the
play
of decreased
in both
young
premature
in
in the
of the
kinase
and
the
levels
subjects
and
of premature
compared
term
infants
hexokinase,
pyruvate
of
full
blood
enzymes
kinase.
activity
of
to
adults,
newborn
cannot
phosphofructo-
Although
these
no
infants.
significant
enzymes
such
in
differences
Furthermore,
the
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 18, 2017. For personal use only.
760
GROSS,
7.0-
#{149}
SCHROEDER
AND
BROUNSTEIN
.
,
S
S
..-.
S
.0
S
.
I
S
E
S
S
S
-....
S
S
5.0
MEAN
.
LEVEL
FOR
FIJLLTERM
NEWBORN
DEVIATION
4
MEAN
LEVEL
FIJLLTERM
FOR
4.0
2
AGE
Fig.
1.-Content
infants
weighing
level of erythrocyte
as
pinoles
the
Gml1.
of
an
of
under
of
Reports
of
pared
in
ment.
In
the
this
rates
nucleotides
These
of ATP
the
red
differences,
laboratory
it
blood
has
been
here,
The
blood
of
her
of
for
ATP
obtained
eitiler
cyte
of
no
and
the
the
correlation
of
ATP
age
blood
between
in
and
in these
these
the
level
full
term
the
first
erythrohlasts
related
not
the
infants
corn-
largely
technics
separation
to
of
and
varia-
measure-
washing
of
which
in
the
the
newborn
few
are
of
of
cells
the
subjects,
that
days
after
to
birth,
the
numpathways
erythrocyte,14
cent
Cara28
of reticulocytes
not
levels
of
whereas
diminish
were
and
did
we
the
or
counts
Stave
per
study
known
possess
However,
and
in
increased
Reticulocyte
present
data.
of ATP
an
mature
samples.
of ATP
present
content
presence
subjects.
In
to the
increased
the
both
of
do
regarding
young
the
comparable
the
present
infants.
or
decreased
reticulocytes
cell
premature
premature
ADP
reflect
not
are
are
and
generation.
of
and
that
that
erythroblasts,
are
ADP
cell-free
activity
2 hours
duration,
results
in a loss of
Cara,25
using
methods
similar
to those
and
may
which
mean
on
blood
considered
infants
generation
the
of ATP
be
premature
a younger
found
in
the
levels
must
reticulocytes
merely
not
found
possibility
vitro
of
reactions
cells
believe,
found
in
conclusions
samples
erythrocytes,
a process
of approximately
ATP of variable
magnitude.
Stave
and
reported
and
blood
we
the
an
levels
of these
conflicting
in
of
in
observed
velocity
provided
handling
obtained
the
potential
have
adenine
both
I
7
IN WEEKS
were
Thus,
intracellular
others
to adults.272’
tions
maximal
the
by
quantity
conditions.
the
reflect
IleceSsarily
INFANTS
activity
ellzyrne
optimal
expression
5
PREMATURE
INFANTS
I
6
_I
1 STANDARD
of erythrocyte
aclenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)
in
premature
1000-2000
Gm. plotted
against
age and also compared
to mean
ATP in full.term
newborn
infants.
ATP conteilt
is expressed
ilenlogloi)in.
( Note that tile Y axis does not start at 0.
measurements
system
3
OF
NEW8ORN
I
4
I
I
INFANTS
the
sharply
find,
in
erythro-
number
during
this
period.1031
Tile
finding
in
the
of
generation
of
erythrocytes
increased
content
of premature
or
a relative
block
of
ATP
without
infants
may
reflect
in the
utilization
a relative
increase
either
an
of ATP.
It
in
increased
cannot
ADP
rate
be
de-
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 18, 2017. For personal use only.
ENERGY
METABOLISM
RBC
IN
termined
from
these
result
of decreased
whether
it represents
Pretllattlre
infints.
OF
PREMATURE
data
whether
erythrocyte
761
INFANTS
this difference
life span
and
a significant
in energy
decreased
biochemical
defect
metabolism
mean
cell
in
the
is the
age
or
erythrocytes
of
SuMMARY
1 . ‘Ihe
following
erythrocytes
of
levels
premature
of activity
and
ATP,
2.
pyruvate
full
3.
enzymes
of
of
kinase
are
term
of
term
involved
in
content
of
hexokinase,
significantly
ervthrocytes
of
the
generation
and
of
in
the
and
and
the
adults:
utilization
of
ADP.
acid
kinase
erythrocytes
of
and
premature
to adults.
phosphofructokinase
of premlttire
in
cOlTII)are(1
infants,
phosphoglyceric
compared
of
i)een
newborn
ATP
increased
infants
activity
have
full
the
activity
newl)orn
level
The
in the
of the
levels
lnetal)ohsm
infants,
measurements
The
and
of energy
aspects
aiid
full
is
terni
significantly
newborn
decreased
compared
infants
to
adults.
4.
In
caiitlv
the
tOilt
the
l)CIOW
5.
Ill
ATP
values
tile
total
found
I)re11llt11re
amount
of
term
full
significantly
is
of ATP
newl)orn
greater
plus
ADP
1. Le sequente
aspectos
Nivellos
de
de
de
activitate
triphosphato
does
2. Le nivellos
de
neonatos
3.
Le
con
es
from
energia
neonatos
participante
the
adult
of both
ADP
to
value.
esseva
comparate
a termino,
in
le
de
de hexocinase,
cinase
significativemente
e a termino
del
de
de
e concentrationes
de activitate
nivello
The
illter
e de
generation
adultos:
e utilisation
tripilosphato
de
adenosina
adenosina.
pyruvato
prematur
tivemente
enzymas
adults.
differ
content
ratio
of
the
INTERLINGUA
metaholismo
adenosina
de
IN
in
not
adults.
and
infants
than
prematur,
del
de
e (Ic diphosphato
cinase
del
infantes
infants
newl)orn
term
SuNnIARIo
le erythrocytos
the content
of ATP
is signifiiiew’borns
and adults.
Tile concontent
of ADP
is significantly
infants
to 1)0th full terni
The percentage
in full
erythrocvtes
ADP
all(1
the
of
erythrocytes
increased
compared
of ADP
is not increased.
in comparation
de
activitate
in Ic erythrocytos
de
de
de acido
augmentate
con
le
es reducite
prematur
e
erythrocytos
de
adultos.
phosphofructocinase
neonatos
phosphoglyceric,
in
e a termino
significa-
in comparation
adultos.
4.
In
le erythrocytos
adenosina
es
termino
e con
augmentate.
de
augmentate
adultos.
Le
nificativemente
Le
contento
infra
infantes
prematur,
le contento
significativemente
le
contento
procentual
valores
trovate
in
de
de
in
diphosphato
diphosphato
neonatos
5. In Ic erythrocytos
de neonatos
a termino,
adenosina
e de diphosphato
de adenosina
es
ChIC
ill
tripilospllato
adultos.
adultos.
C
Le proportion
diphosphato
de
de triphosphato
adenosina
11011
de
comparation
de
adenosina
de
adenosina
a termino
e in
Ic contento
de
significativemente
(IC aclenosina
differe
triphosphato
con
ah
non
es
a
es
sig-
adultos.
triphosphato
(IC
plus
grande
in
Ic
de
neonatos
valor
le
total
trovate
(IC
in
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on June 18, 2017. For personal use only.
762
GROSS,
SCHROEDER
AND
BROUNSTEIN
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The
authors
premature
and
acknowledge
with
full term
newborn
gratitude
nurseries
the cooperation
of the nursing
of The Bronx
Municipal
Hospital
staffs
Center.
in
the
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1963 21: 755-763
Energy Metabolism in the Erythrocytes of Premature Infants Compared to
Full Term Newborn Infants and Adults
RUTH T. GROSS, ELEANOR A. R. SCHROEDER and SUSAN A. BROUNSTEIN
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