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UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF ENGG. AND TECH. ANALOG ELECTRONICS AIM: OP-AMP AMPLIFICATION, DC AND AC AMPLIFIERS, SCALING AND SUMMING AMPLIFIERS Prepared By: Group:- 12 (C) Devansh Dave 130460109011 Parita Bhavsar 130460109007 Guided By: Prof. Kapil Dave FLOW OF PRESENTATION • • • • • • • • Op-Amp TERMINOLOGY 741 Op-Amp Schematic Diagram of Op-Amp Inverting Amplifiers Non-Inverting Amplifiers Summing Amplifiers Scaling Amplifiers OP-AMP • Op-Amp-An active circuit element designed to perform mathematical operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, differentiation and integration. • High performance linear amplifier that requires a power source to operate. TERMINOLOGY • Gain- Amount of amplification produced by an Op-Amp. Gain is independent from the supply voltage (power given for the Op-Amp to operate). • Open-Loop Mode-Function of an Op-Amp when the feedback resistor (Rf) is zero. The Op-Amp operates as a comparator and not as a linear amplifier. TERMINOLOGY • Comparator-Compares the –V and +V inputs to see which is greater and returns a result. • Bandwidth-The range of frequency at which an Op-Amp will function. (Ideal = ∞) TERMINOLOGY • Slew Rate (V/µs)- Amount of time it takes for the Op-Amp to step to another voltage level. (Non-Ideal) • Input Offset Voltage- Even when there is no input voltage the Op-Amp gives off a small voltage. This can be canceled out by use of the Offset Null pin on the chip. (Non-Ideal) • Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)Ability of an Op-Amp to reject a signal applied to both inputs simultaneously. 741 OP-AMP Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage Power Dissipation Diff. Input Voltage Input Voltage Operating Temperature Characteristics ±18 V 500 mW ±30 V ±15 V 0°C to 70°C Offset Null 1 - INPUT 2 + INPUT -V 3 4 + Input Offset Voltage Input Resistance CMMR Bandwidth Slew Rate 8 No Connection 7 +V 6 Output 5 Offset Null 2 to 6 mV .3 to 2 MΩ 70 to 90 dB .5 to 1.5 MHz .5 V/µs Schematic Diagram of 741 OP-AMP OP-AMP TYPES Op-amp DC AC DC OP-AMPS • In DC op-amps, the output signal changes in response to changes in its DC input levels. • A DC amplifier can be inverting, non-inverting or differential. • Let us see them in detail INVERTING OP-AMP • Here the inverting circuit diagram of Op-Amp is shown, INVERTING OP-AMP • The input is given to the Inverting terminal of Op-Amp so we get an Inverted output with 180° phase difference and out of phase. NON-INVERTING OP-AMP NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER • The input signal is given to non-inverting terminal of Op-Amp. The output is without any phase difference and in phase to input. DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER If R1 = R2 and Rf = Rg: DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER • It amplifies the difference between two voltages but does not amplify the particular voltages. • Where Vin+ and Vin- are the input voltages and Ad is the differential gain SUMMING AMPLIFIER SUMMING AMPLIFIER K CL @" A " K CL @" A " i i i i v v v v R R R R a b a a c i i i i v v v v R R R R a f b c b a out c a f R R R v v v v R R R f out f a a f b b b c c v c f b c b out c R R R v v v R R R f out f f a a f b b c c SCALING AMPLIFIER REFERENCES • Ramakant A Gayakwad, Op-Amps and Linear integrated circuits, Prentice Hall of India • K.R.Botkar, Integrated Circuits, Khanna Publishers • www.google.com • www.wikipedia.org THANK YOU