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OUTLINE - Introduction - Single Stage Op-Amplifier - Folded Cascode Op-Amplifier - Design and Analysis Two Stage Op-Amplifier INTRODUCTION It easy to define an Op-Amp. as "a high gain deferential amplifier". It is mean that a value that is adequate for the application. The gain could be anywhere from 101 to 106 . Many other aspects of performance had to sacrificed; such as power, output swing and speed. Most of today s' CMOS op-amp have a high output impedance (in open loop). As such, they called "transconductance amplifiers". ROLE OF OP-AMPLIFIERS - Widely used building blocks for analog circuits, MixedSignals. - Widely used in analog signal processing and communication circuits SPECIFICATIONS REQUIREMENTS - High DC Gain Large Gain-Bandwidth/ High Speed Sufficient Output Swing High power efficiency 1- SINGLE STAGE OP-AMP. The MOSFET converts the input gate-source voltage to drain current, which can pass through a load to generate an output voltage. 2- CASCODE AMPLIFIER DC Gain: High Speed: Excellent Power diss.: High Freq. Response: Good Output Swing: Small 3- TWO STAGE OP-AMP DESIGN AND ANALYSIS DC Gain: Modest Speed: Good Power diss. : Good Freq. Response: Good Output Swing: Good 3- TWO STAGE OP-AMP DESIGN AND ANALYSIS I D5 Slew Rate .....(1) C I D 3, 4 W I D8 L 3, 4 W ............(5) L 8 2 g m1, 2 W ....(2) L 1, 2 2nCOX I D1, 2 g m8 2.2 * 2 fUGB C ....(3) g m8 W ......(4) L 8 2 nCOX I D 7 2 g m2 5 W ..(6) 2 L 5 COX (Vdd Vin(max) 2Vth ) W W W L 5 L 8 .........(7) W L 7 2 L 3 FREQUENCY RESPONSE AV p1 p2 z2 UGF z1 -90 PM -180 w HOMEWORK Design a two-stage CMOS Op-Amp. by using a 0.18 µTechnology and calculate the aspect ratio of each PMOS and NMOS. The design parameters are: Parameter Vdd CL SR Kp Kn VTp VTn Phase Margin Cc GB Value 1.8 1 pF 50 V/µs 93 x10-6A/V2 168 x10-6/V2 -0.39V 0.32V 60º 0.22 C 80 MHZ