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Operational Amplifier Offset terminals (5,1) are used for circuit calibration. Power Supplies The Voltage Transfer Characteristics of an Op-Amp Vo will saturate if Vp-Vn is larger than 0.9 mV A is typically 10,000 Assume VCC=9 V 9V/10,000=0.9 mV Input Currents ip=in=0 for typical op-amp Virtual Ground Assumption • If a path can be observed from the output back to the to the inverting terminal, negative feedback is in place, vp=vn can be assumed! Example of Negative Feedback Example of Negative Feedback Example of Negative Feedback (3) Intuition vo=A(vp-vn) No Feedback! An Inverting Amplifier A Summing Amplifier