Download Endocrine Notes - Mr. Mendez

Lecture Chapter 45 : Endocrine System
Focus Questions
1. What are hormones and what are the two major types? 2. How does reception differ in the two major types of
hormones?
3. What are the two major hormones that regulate blood sugar,
what gland secretes these hormones?
4. What hormones are involved in regulating metabolism?
5. What two parts of the brain link the nervous and endocrine
systems?
6. What are tropic hormones and which glands secretes these
hormones. 7. What are three differences between the nervous and
endocrine systems?
1. Function- To establish communication between various
systems using chemical messages.
!
Major Structures
1. Glands- Organs that secrete chemical messengers
examples- Adrenal Glands, pancreas
!
2. Hormones- Chemical Messengers produced by glands,
transported by circulatory system. examples- Insulin, ADH, FSH
2. Communication Systems
!
a. Endocrine- Slow acting, releases chemical messengers
(Hormones) in one place that travel through blood to another
organ (target cell) with unique receptors . b. Nervous - Fast acting, releases chemical messengers called
Neurotransmitters during synapse.
3. Types of Hormones
!
1. Water soluble- Hormones that bind to cell membrane of target
cells, trigger secondary messenger pathway. Usually proteins
Examples- Insulin, Epinephrine, Melatonin !
2. Water insoluble- Hormones that travel through cell membrane
and bind inside the cell to turn genes on. Usually fats
examples-Sex Hormones 1. Receptor->2. Signal Transduction->3. Response
4. Water Soluble Hormones
Epinephrine
!
1. Hormone is released by gland (adrenal) 2. Hormone binds to receptor
on target cell (Reception). 3. Binding causes signal transduction 4. Response- Glycogen is broken down
to glucose, diffuses into blood stream
5. Water Insoluble Hormones
Testosterone
1. Hormone is released by gland (testes)
and diffuses through the cell membrane. 2. Hormone binds to receptor protein in the cell.
3. Hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and binds to DNA. 4. RNA is transcribed and attaches to ribosome outside the nucleus. 5. Protein is made and is transported out
the cell
6. Major Glands
!
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Hypothalamus and pituitary Thyroid
Adrenal
Testes Ovaries
Pancreas
Thymus
Pineal
7. Hormones
Gland That Makes
Name of Hormone
it
1
2
3
16
Target Cell(s)
Function
7. Hormones You have to know
!
1. TSH-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
2. GH-Growth Hormone
3. LH-Stimulates gonads
4. FSH-Stimulates gonads
5. Prolactin-milk production
6. ADH-Anti Diuretic Hormone
7. Thyroxine-metabolism
8. Epinephrine-fight/flight
9. Norepinephrine-fight/flight 10. Cortisol-short term stress
11. Androgens-male sex hormones
12. Estrogens-female sex hormones
13. Progesterone-female menstrual cycle 14. Insulin- Lowers blood sugar
15. Glucagon-Raises blood sugar
16. Melatonin- daily rhythm, dark hormone
6. Maintaining Homeostasis
Negative Feedback
Maintaining'homeostasis'
hormone 1
lowers
body condition
gland
high
specific body condition
low
raises
body condition
gland
hormone 2
Negative Feedback
Model
b. Temperature
Nervous System Control
Feedback
Controlling)Body)Temperature)
nerve signals
hypothalamus
sweat
dilates surface
blood vessels
high
body temperature
(37°C)
low
hypothalamus
constricts surface shiver
blood vessels
nerve signals
c. Blood Sugar
8. Links Between Nervous and Endocrine
a. Hypothalamus- “Master nerve control center” Nervous System
Receives info from nerves around body about internal conditions Releasing hormones- regulate release of hormones from
pituitary B. Pituitary Gland “master gland” Endocrine System
Secrete “tropic” hormones regulating other glands in the body
Memorize this
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