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BI 200 - Exam #3A
Fall 2003
Name
Lab Section
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., multiple choice).
You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit,
you may receive partial or full credit.
Multiple Choice - 2 points each
1. An external electron donor for the reduction of NADP to NADPH in the purple nonsulfur bacteria is
A)
B)
C)
D)
H2O
H2SO4
H2
H2S
2. Biochemical synthesis of new cell material is called
A) metabolism .
C) catabolism.
B) anabolism.
D) synthatabolism.
3. Chemolithotrophs use which of the following as an energy source?
A) organic compounds
B) inorganic compounds
C) both organic and inorganic compounds
D) either organic or inorganic compounds, depending on the environment.
4. In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is
A) hydrogen.
B) oxygen.
C) water.
D) ATP.
5. In chemiosmosis or the process of electron transport
A) OH- accumulates on the outside of the membrane while H+ accumulates on the
inside.
B) OH accumulates on the inside of the membrane while H+ accumulates on the
outside.
C) Both OH- and H+ accumulate on the inside of the membrane.
D) Both OH- and H+ accumulate on the outside of the membrane.
6. Methanogens are
A) strict aerobes.
B) strict anaerobes.
C) facultative aerobes.
D) facultative anaerobes.
7. Most chemolithotrophs are
A) phototrophs
B) eukaryotes
C) heterotrophs
D) autotrophs
8. Which do fermentation and aerobic respiration have in common?
A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Electron transport
D) ATPase
9. Anaerobic respiratory bacteria differ from humans and other aerobic respiratory
organisms
A)
B)
C)
D)
in their substrate oxidizing pathways
in their electron transport chains
because they don’t form proton gradients
because they don’t contain the enzyme ATPase
10. Lithotrophic bacteria differ from humans and other chemoorganotrophs
A)
B)
C)
D)
in their substrate oxidizing pathways
in their electron transport chains
because they don’t form proton gradients
because they don’t contain the enzyme ATPase
11. The highest energetic cost to the cell is
A) motility
B) biosynthesis
C) nutrient transport
D) tuition
12. The following carry out the detrimental activity where nitrate is depleted from soil
A) denitrifying bacteria
B) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
C) nitrifying bacteria
D) enteric bacteria
13. Which organism would be associated with acid mine drainage?
A) Geobacter
B) Gallionella
C) Thiobacillus
14. Which type of metabolism is probably the oldest?
A) anoxygenic photosynthesis
B) oxygenic photosynthesis
C) aerobic respiration
3 free secret points!
D) Halobacterium
Complete the following narrative by circling the word or phrase in each parenthesis that
most accurately completes the statement. (1 point each).
There are two distinct ways microorganisms, and all other cellular beings, synthesize
ATP. These are Substrate Level Phosphorylation (abbreviated SLP) and Electron
Transport Phosphorylation (abbreviated ETP), which is also known as oxidative
phosphorylation.
(ETP, SLP) is a means of forming ATP by creating high energy
phosphorylated intermediates and then transferring the phosphate group to ADP. (ETP,
SLP) is a means of forming ATP by creating a proton gradient and synthesizing ATP
with the enzyme ATPase. An example of a high energy phosphorylated intermediate
would be (NADH, Coenzyme A, Phosphoenolpyruvate). During the fermentation of
glucose to lactic acid, there are a net (2, 4, 38) ATP formed. In the glycolysis portion,
glucose is converted to pyruvate, and ATP is formed by (ETP, SLP, both ETP and
SLP, neither ETP nor SLP). In the reductive step when pyruvate is reduced to lactic
acid (ETP, SLP, both ETP and SLP, neither ETP nor SLP) occurs. In aerobic
respiration of glucose and O2 to CO2 and water there are a net (2, 4, 38) ATP formed by
(ETP, SLP, both ETP and SLP). After glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidized to CO2 by the
Krebs Cycle, and two more ATP are formed by (ETP, SLP, both ETP and SLP). The
high energy phosphorylated intermediate created is (Bisphosphoglycerate, GTP,
Phosphoenolpyruvate). Electrons carried by (NADH, Coenzyme A, ATP) are then
passed along a series intermediates to O2 and a proton gradient formed. Energy stored in
the proton gradient is converted to ATP by the enzyme (Aldolase, Alcohol
Dehydrogenase, ATPase, Hydrogenase). Membranes and cytochromes are indicative
of (ETP, SLP, both ETP and SLP, neither ETP nor SLP).
(4 points) Make an energy diagram for the following reaction:
Pyruvate + NADH  Lactate + NAD+
Indicate the energy levels of substrates, the products, the change in energy (ΔG), and the
activation energy (EA).
G
Time
(1 point) What is the name of the enzyme that reduces the required amount of activation
energy in that particular reaction?
(1 point) Is that enzyme consumed, produced, or recycled during the course of the
reaction?
(1 point) What is the name of an organism that carries out this process?
(1 point) Name an industrial product that is formed as a result of this reaction.
Matching. Place the name of one of the
microbes on the right that fits the
description. You may use a name more
than once, but place only one answer in
each – no multiple guesses.
n. _____________________________
Your favorite microbe
a. _____________________________
Any obligate aerobe
Alcalignenes
Anabena
Aquaspirillum
Aquifex
Bacillus
Beggiatoa
Chlamydomonas
Chlorobium
Chloroflexus
Chromatium
Clostridium
Desulfovibrio
Escherichia
Gallionella
Geobacter
Halobacterium
Hydrogenobacter
Lactobacillus
Leptothrix
Methanosarcina
Navicula
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomonas
Oscillatoria
Paracoccus
Pseudomonas
Rhodospirillum
Rhodopseudomonas
Saccharomyces
Shewanella
Spirogyra
Streptococcus
Sulfolobus
Synechococcus
Thiobacillus
Volvox
Zymomonas
b. _____________________________
Any lactic acid fermenter
c. _____________________________
Any lithotroph
d. _____________________________
Any archea
e. _____________________________
Any anoxygenic phototroph
f. _____________________________
Any purple or purple non-sulfur
anoxygenic phototroph
g. _____________________________
Reduces nitrate (NO3-) to nitrite (NO2-)
h. _____________________________
Oxidizes ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-)
i. _____________________________
Reduces sulfate (SO42-) to sulfide (H2S)
j. _____________________________
Reduces ferric iron
k. _____________________________
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
l. _____________________________
Any eukaryote
m. _____________________________
Any cyanobacterium
o. _____________________________
Your least favorite microbe
Match the key biochemical or cell feature that with the type of microorganism in (or on)
which it might be found. (1 point each)
A. Hydrogen oxidixing chemolithotroph
_____ Dissimilatory Nitrate Reductase
B. Fluorescent Methanogenic bacterium
_____ F420
C. Sulfate reducing bacterium
_____ Carboxysome
D. Phototrophic halobacterium
_____ Bacteriochlorophyll
E. Purple non-sulfur bacterium
_____ Ammonium monooxygenase
(AMO)
F. NH3 oxidizing Nitrosomonas
_____ Hydrogenase
G. Iron oxidizing T. ferroxydans
_____ Bacteriorhodopsin
H. Escherichia coli
_____ Rustcyanin
I. Iron reducing bacterium
_____ Menaquinone
J. Any autotrophic bacterium
_____ APS and Cytochrome c3
Compare the structures of cytochromes and bacteriochlorophyll molecules by indicating
if the following features are present in the cytochrome only (by marking C),
bacteriochlorophyll only (by marking B), both or neither.
_______________ tetrapyrole or porphoryn ring structure
_______________ hydrophobic phytol side chain
_______________ polypeptide
_______________ magnesium
_______________ iron
Fill in the empty boxes for these familiar pathways. (18 responses required - 1 point each).
Trait or Characteristic
Substrates
Glycolysis
3.
1.
Pyruvate, NAD+, FAD+
Ethanol Fermentation
(reduction only)
Pyruvate, NADH
4.
Products
5.
Pyruvate, NADH, ATP
2.
6.
7.
3 CO2, NADH, FADH
8.
ATP, Sulfur
9.
O2: consumed,
produced, both or
neither?
Representative
organisms or cellular
localization in eukaryote
11.
Neither consumed or
produced
Cytoplasm of
Chemoorganotrophs
Animals, Plants,
Protozoa, Bacteria
14. (give cellular
localization in
eukaryote)
10.
12.
15. (give representative
eukaryote)
13.
Chromatium,
Thiocapsa,
Ectothiocapsa
16. (give representative
prokaryote)
Key Enzymes or
Intermediates
17.
18.
Coenzyme A, Citric
Acid, Succinyl-CoA,
Dehydrogenase
Enzymes
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
RC Bacteriochlorophyll,
Carotenoid, Ubiquinone,
Cytochrome bc
BONUS SECTION ON OXYGENIC PHOTOSYTHESIS
1. Oxygenic photosynthesis is also known as
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cyclic photosynthesis
Non-cyclic photosynthesis
Photosystem I
Gametogenesis
2. The highly folded inner thyllakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts are
stacked in disc like structures called
a.
b.
c.
d.
mitochondria
stroma
the matrix
grana
3. Cyanobacteria form what differentiated cell type to carry out nitrogen fixation
a.
b.
c.
d.
spores
heterocysts
stromatolites
carboxysomes
4. Chlorophyll absorbs _________ and _________ light and transmits ________ light.
a. green; yellow; red
b. red; white; blue
c. blue; red; green
d. UV; infrared; green
5. An external electron donor for the reduction of NADP to NADPH in the oxygenic
phototrophs is
a.
b.
c.
d.
H2O
H2SO4
H2
H2S