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Transcript
The Restless Earth Unit Study Guide 1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?____________________________________________________ 2. The layer made of solid rock that slowly flows.______________________________________________________ 3. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _________________________________. 4. What is used to map the deep interior of the Earth?_________________________________________________ 5. What can tectonic plates form when they converge?_________________________________________________ 6. The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of ___________________________. 7. How do fossils help prove that the continents move?_________________________________________________ 8. What is the name of the giant continent that was once composed of all of the land on Earth?________________ 9. What is it called when Earth’s magnetic poles switch places?__________________________________________ 10. What have magnetic reversals helped to support?___________________________________________________ 11. In sea-floor spreading molten material rises from the mantle and erupts where?__________________________ 12. A force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume is called _____________________________________. 13. In a normal fault, where does the hanging wall move relative to the footwall?_____________________________ 14. In a reverse fault, where does the hanging wall move relative to the footwall?____________________________ 15. What type of stress produces a reverse fault?_______________________________________________________ 16. What landform is made when normal faults cause valleys to drop down on either side of a block of rock?_______________________________________________________________________________________ 17. What type of mountains are formed by magma that reaches Earth’s surface?_____________________________ 18. A large area of land elevated high above sea level is called a _________________________________________. 19. What type of seismic waves arrive at the surface first and move like an accordion?_________________________ 20. S waves are known as _________________________________________________________________________. 21. Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move _______________________________________. 22. How can a volcanic eruption change the climate?____________________________________________________ 23. If a volcano erupted and ash flew 80 km into the air, how do you think this eruption would affect the global climate?_____________________________________________________________________________________ 24. If the supervolcano at Yellowstone erupts, how will it affect Oklahoma’s climate?__________________________ 25. A funnel-shaped pit near a volcano’s central vent.___________________________________________________ 26. A wide, flat landform; usually covers a large area.___________________________________________________ 27. A large, semicircular depression over a magma chamber._____________________________________________ 28. Where do most active volcanoes form?___________________________________________________________ 29. How are volcanoes created?____________________________________________________________________ 30. Stress that squeezes a rock layer.________________________________________________________________ 31. Stress that stretches a rock layer.________________________________________________________________ 32. How do the tectonic plates move at a convergent boundary?__________________________________________ 33. How do the tectonic plates move at a divergent boundary?____________________________________________ 34. How do the tectonic plates move at a transform boundary?___________________________________________ 35. A collision of two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a ________________________. 36. Rift valleys form at ____________________________________ boundaries. 37. The process by which ocean floor sinks in a deep-ocean trench is called_________________________________. 38. The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquak e is called the _____ 39. Which scale would most likely be used to tell how much earthquake damage was done to homes and other buildings?____________________________________________________ 40. Patrick and SpongeBob love to blow bubbles! Patrick found some Super Bubble Soap at Sail-Mart. The ads claim that Super Bubble Soap will produce bubbles that are twice as big as bubbles made with regular bubble soap. Patrick and SpongeBob made up two samples of bubble solution. One sample was made with 5 oz. of Super Bubble Soap and 5 oz. of water, while the other was made with the same amount of water and 5 oz. of regular bubble soap. Patrick and SpongeBob used their favorite bubble wands to blow 10 different bubbles and did their best to measure the diameter of each one. A. What is the independent variable?____________________________________________________________ B. What is the dependent variable?______________________________________________________________ C. What is the control?________________________________________________________________________ D. List a controlled variable.____________________________________________________________________