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Prehistory, Sumerian and Egyptian Civilizations Test Review Scramble 1. ________________ refers to the period of human history before humans kept written records. SRPEITYHRO Prehistory 2. A ______________ is a human or humanlike creature that walks upright. NMHDIIO Hominid 3. The earliest humanlike creature that walked upright was recently discovered in Africa in the Great Rift Valley in Ethiopia. She is 4.4 million years old and is nicknamed _______________. DRAI Ardi 4. The oldest Paleolithic ("old stone age") cave paintings are located in El Castillo in _____________. Recent analysis has led scholars to believe that the oldest of these paintings may have been painted by Neanderthals. INPAS Spain 5. The first form of human that would look like us if they wore modern clothing was _____________________ man. RCO-NAGONM Cro-Magnon 6. The most famous Paleolithic cave paintings are located in Lasceaux, __________________ and have many images of animals, as well as images of humans and mysterious symbols some consider primitive writing. FCEARN France 7. The excavation site known as Tell Qaramel is famous because it is a complex structure built by people who did not farm. This contradicts the traditional theory that argues that humans needed to be efficient ________________ before they could build great structures. MFRARES Farmers 8. The scientific field that excavates sites and analyzes artifacts is called _______________________. CGYOROEALHA Archaeology 9. The scientific field that studies once living organisms is _______________________. PONLEOGOLAYT Paleontology 10. The remains of a once living organism is called a __________________________. SLOSIF Fossil 11. A nonliving thing made and left behind by humans is an ___________________________. FRACATTI Artifact 12. A popular method of dating once living organisms up to 60,000 years old is ___________________ dating. DRAIO-ARCBON Radio-carbon dating 1 13. Evidence at the archaeological site known as Gobleki Tepe may contradict the date most scientists believe that farming began in Southwest Asia (8,000 B.C.E.). Because information from Gobekli Tepe is relatively new, you will be required to remember the date 8,000 B.C.E. for our test. Gobekli Tepe is a hilltop _______________ sanctuary that may have farmed a new form of wheat beginning in the 10th millennium B.C.E. GEIORLISU Religious 14. The Neolithic __________________ refers to the beginning of farming that began in Southwest Asia in about 8,000 B.C.E. when the Neolithic Age began. VERIOLNTUO Revolution 15. Catal Huyuk, located in southern Turkey, is the largest and best preserved ___________________ ("New Stone Age") farming settlement. LNEOCITHI Neolithic 16. ___________________ is defined as people living in a complex society with 6 specific characteristics. ZILITVIAONCI Civilization 17. The first civilization arose in ____________________. This geographic region's name means "land between the rivers" and refers to the land surrounding and between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. These rivers flow mainly through Iraq and Syria. IAMOTPSAEOM Mesopotamia 18. The ________________ Crescent refers to the arc of good farmland that flows from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. LETFRIE Fertile 19. The first civilization was called _____________________ Civilization and arose in what's now southern Iraq. ESUMIARN Sumerian 20. The main building material used by the people of Mesopotamia was ________________________. This was because there aren't many natural resources in Mesopotamia. DUM-ICKRB Mud-brick 21. The Sumerians built long city walls and tiered pyramids with temples on top called ______________________. ZGISUATRG Ziggurats 22. __________________ were very important in many early civilizations because they acted as intermediaries between humans and the gods. REISSPT Priests 23. Because of the unpredictable nature of Mesopotamia's rivers, Sumerians developed a generally _________________ view of their gods. They saw their gods as unpredictable and sometimes cruel. As a result, they came to believe that making the gods happy through sacrifices and other 2 offerings was the most important part of worship. In other words, good behavior wasn't important in their religion. ENIGAVET Negative 24. The Sumerians invented some of the world's most important early technological developments. These included the _______________, plow, and sailboat. HEWEL Wheel 25. The Sumerians also developed the world's first form of ____________________. At first, their writing consisted of pictographs (pictures representing things and ideas). Over time, they used a wedge-shaped writing system called cuneiform. RIIWTGN Writing 26. Eventually, the Sumerians developed a phonetic ___________________. In other words, they began to use symbols to represent sounds. The system became so popular that eight major peoples in ancient Mesopotamia used this system over about 3,000 years. LPAAEHTB Alphabet 27. The Sumerians developed a number system based on __________________. We can see this today in the way we tell time, the number of degrees in a circle, etc. TSIXY Sixty 28. A Sumerian ____________ was called a lugal, a term which means "big man." NIKG King 29. The Sumerians were divided into _____________________. These are cities and their surrounding territories that act like independent countries. In Sumerian history, they often fought each other in bloody wars over things like water rights. YTIC-ATSEST City-states 30. Sargon of Akkad conquered the Sumerians and created the world's first ______________. An __________________ (same word as first blank) is created when one or more previously independent peoples are forced under the control of a more powerful group. IEPEMR Empire 31. Ancient Egyptian civilization arose along the _________________ River. ILEN Nile 32. Ancient Egyptian history began when the legendary King __________________ united Lower and Upper Egypt. MENES Menes 33. During the Egyptian Old Kingdom, the Egyptian __________________ became a god-king. AHORHAP 34. During the Egyptian Old Kingdom, Egyptian leaders built ______________________ as their tombs. AIPRYMDS Pyramids 3 35. During the Egyptian New Kingdom, the Egyptians built an ________________. REEIPM Empire 36. The Egyptians used mummification to preserve bodies for the __________________. AEFRFETLI Afterlife 37. The ____________ of the Dead was a funerary text painted on walls or scrolls and left in the tomb of the deceased (dead person). It contained magical spells designed to help the deceased person progress to the afterlife. KOBO Book 38. The most famous mummy ever discovered was that of King Tutankhamun. Though he was a minor pharaoh, his discovery was important because his _________________ was undisturbed until it was discovered in 1922 by British archaeologist Howard Carter. BOMT Tomb 39. The Egyptians fought a group from Anatolia (modern Turkey) called the Hittites. This group initially had a monopoly on the technology used to make _______________tools and weapons. This allowed them to create a substantial empire for themselves. IORN Iron 40. The Egyptians and Hittites fought against each other during the Battle of Qadesh in 1274 B.C.E. in what's now Syria. This battle was essentially fought to a standstill, and the world's first peace ________________ may have been signed there as a result. RTYETA Treaty 41. Ramses II used _________________ to make himself look like a great victor in the Battle of Qadesh. Generally, this is defined as misinformation used to promote a particular point of view or cause. ORPPAOGNDA Propaganda 42. Ramses II lived into his 90s and had many kids. During his long reign (period of rule), he built many great structures, such as the temples at _________________ and the Great Hypostyle Hall at the Temple of Karnak. ABU BSMIEL Abu Simbel 43. Ancient Egyptian history ended when the __________________ defeated Marc Antony and Cleopatra in 31 B.C.E. ONRSMA Romans POTENTIAL PARAGRAPH QUESTIONS ON NEXT PAGE 4 44. Potential paragraph questions. Answers must include definitions of any terms you use in your answer. They must also include specific information taught in class. a. List and explain the six characteristics of civilization. b. Describe how farming led to the rise of civilization. c. Explain how geography affected the development of religion in Sumer and Egypt. d. Explain the methods used by archaeologists and anthropologists to study the ancient past. e. Define anthropology, archaeology, artifact, fossil, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon dating. 5