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Chapter 3, Section 3 Contributions Inventions, customs, and ideas of the Sumerian and Babylonian cultures were copied and improved upon Mesopotamia was called “the cradle of civilization The Sumerians developed the earliest known civilization in the world The oldest written records are Sumerian They were the 1st people to write down their laws The Sumerians invented many things: 1. Wheel 2. Plow 3. Sailboat The wheel was invented to help with transportation The plow made it possible for farmers to grow more food with less food The sailboat replaced muscle power with wind power The people of Mesopotamia developed a 12 month calendar based on the cycles of the moon The calendar marked religious festivals and planting There also came contributions in mathematics from Mesopotamia They created a number system based on 60 60 min hour, 60 sec minute, and 360 degree circle they designed a clock that was operated by controlled drops of water