Download Earth Space EOC Study Guide

EARTH/SPACE SCIENCE
LEOCE Study Guide
NATURE OF SCIENCE
TEXTBOOK: Chapter 1
1. Create an events chain concept map of the scientific method. (Pages 11 and 948)
2. Explain the difference between an inference and a fact. (Use standard dictionary or
explanation provided by your teacher) Give an example of each.
3. Read the table 10.1 on page 252. Where is most of the Earth’s fresh water held?
4. Using the graph on page 113, what happens to temperature in the interior of the Earth when
depth increases?
INTRODUCTION TO EARTH SCIENCE
TEXTBOOK: Chapter 1
5. Describe 4 Earth systems and list the characteristics of each. (Pages 8 – 9)
6. List 1 way that 2 Earth systems could interact. (Page 9)
GEOLOGIC PROCESSES – EARTH’S SURFACE
TEXTBOOK: Chapters 7 -8
7. List 3 effects of glacial erosion. (Page 174)
8. What type of climatic conditions would produce the greatest rate of physical and chemical
weathering? (Page 168)
9. What are the effects of temperature and pressure on mechanical weathering?(Pages 164-165)
10. What is chemical weathering? What factors contribute to this process? (Page 166)
11. Explain how water erosion and gravity could turn a stream into a canyon. (Page 172)
GEOLOGIC PROCESSES – EARTH’S INTERIOR
EOLOGIC PROCESSES – EARTH’S SURFACE GEOLOGIC PROCESSES – EARTH’S SURFACE
TEXTBOOK: Chapters 11, 17, 19, 22
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List and describe the three ways to transfer energy. (Pages 287-288)
What natural disasters or phenomena occur at transform boundaries? (Page 484)
Define Pangaea. (Page 469)
Diagram circular convection currents in the mantle using Figure 17.21. Label the divergent
boundary where new crust is formed and the convergent boundaries where crust is recycled
back into the mantle. (Page 487)
Scientists believe that Earth’s interior is divided into separate layers. What evidence do
earthquakes provide that supports this model? (Page 536)
What geological activity occurs when stress and strain reach a critical point and energy is
released? (Page 528)
Describe the Plate Tectonic Theory. (Page 480)
The force for continental drift is convection in the mantle at divergent boundaries. List 2
surface features created at these divergent boundaries. (Page 481)
Describe the features at the boundaries at the Mid Ocean Ridge. (Page 475, Figure 17.9,
Pages 478-479, Figure 17.14, and Page 481, Figure 17.17)
Describe where Oceanic crust is “recycled”. (melting and created) (Pages 478, 481-482)
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EARTH/SPACE SCIENCE
LEOCE Study Guide
22. Compare and contrast Earth’s inner and outer core. (composition, density, temperature,
pressure)(Pages 113/Figure 5.1, 536)
23. Describe the age of rocks as you move away from the mid-ocean ridge. (Pages 475477/Figures 17.9, 17.12, 17.13)
24. Which type of convergent boundary may produce a volcanic island arc? (Pages 482483/Table 17.1)
25. What happens to density, temperature, and pressure as you go from Earth’s surface to Earth’s
interior? (Pages 113, 623 and Figure 5.1)
26. Use arrows to show diverging, converging and transform plate boundaries. (Pages 480/Figure
17.16, 485/Figure 17.19)
27. What causes tsunamis? (Page 548/Figure 19.23)
GEOLOGIC TIME
TEXTBOOK: Chapters 21-23
28. How do scientists use Carbon 14 (C-14) to date organic materials that might be found in
sedimentary rocks? (Page 603)
METEOROLOGY
TEXTBOOK: Chapters 11-14
29. List the 4 weather instruments. Describe what they are used to measure. (Pages 324-325)
30. What is a condensation nucleus and why does it rain more in urban areas than in rural areas?
(Pages 297, 386)
31. Under what conditions do hurricanes form? What determines its counterclockwise spin? (Pages
355-357/Figure 13.14)
32. Why is the ozone layer beneficial to life on Earth? (Pages 283/Figure 11.3, 745)
33. Diagram the water cycle found on Figure 9.1 on Page 224. Label all the parts of water cycle.
34. Draw and label a diagram of the layers of the atmosphere. In which layer does all weather
occur? (Pages 284-285)
35. List 2 ways to prepare for each of these severe weather events: thunderstorms, tornado,
hurricane. (Pages 349, 354, 36)
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CLIMATOLOGY
TEXTBOOK: Chapter 14AOCEANOGRAPHY
36. Describe a micro-climate and give two examples. Explain why they are different from the
surrounding areas. (Page 385, Figure 14.12).
37. Describe the climate found in a heat island. (Pages 385-386/Figures 14.12, 14.13)
38. Why are seasonal temperatures less extreme in coastal regions than in inland areas at similar
latitudes? (Page 379)
39. What are the causes of differences in climate around the Earth? (Page 378)
40. Explain orographic lifting and how it affects climate. (Pages 299, 379)
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41. Which human activities have contributed to global warming? Which gases contribute most to
the rise in global temperatures? (Pages 283, 393)
42. What do scientists believe has caused recent changes in sea level? (Page 445)
OCEANOGRAPHY
TEXTBOOK: Chapter 15
43. What were 3 negative consequences caused by the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico?
(Research or use prior knowledge)
44. What is the primary cause of surface ocean currents? (Page 425)
45. Draw an ocean wave and label its 4 parts. Which characteristic of a water wave is measured?
(Pages 421- 422 /Figure 15.17)
ASTRONOMY
TEXTBOOK: Chapters 27-30
46. What force holds the earth in orbit around the Sun? (Page 802)
47. Draw a diagram of the Earth rotating around the Sun. Look closely at which two positions
where the Earth is actually tilted toward the Sun and away from the Sun. Label which position
would be summer and winter in the Northern Hemisphere. (Page 777)
48. Describe two ways to demonstrate the Earth is rotating around the Sun. (Page 775)
49. Draw the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun during a lunar eclipse. During which
phase of the moon does a lunar eclipse occur? (Page 784)
50. What causes the apparent movement of the sun and stars from east to west across the sky?
(Page 775)
51. Draw the alignment of the Earth, Moon and Sun during spring tides and describe the effect on
high and low tides. (Pages 424-425/Figures 15.21, 15.22)
COSMOLOGY
TEXTBOOK: Chapters 29-30
52. What keeps main sequence stars in equilibrium? (Page 848)
53. What is a nebula? (Page 848)
54. Explain the redshift Doppler effect and how it provides evidence for an expanding universe.
(Pages 840/Figure 29.13, 874)
55. Which type of galaxy is the Milky Way galaxy? (Pages 869-871/Figure 30.13)
56. Why will our Sun end its existence as a black dwarf rather than a black hole? (Page 849)
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