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Sentence Parts Tuesday Daily Grammar Practice Day 2…Tuesday…what do I do with all those labels from Monday? First, don’t ignore what you did yesterday. Use Monday’s labels as a guide. C a v em a n ta l k … g oo d w a y fi n d s im si m p le v er b p l e su b je ct and Abbreviations 1 . Lab el an y pre po siti on al phras es (id en tify th e o b je ct o f th e pre po sitio n ; l abe l the ph rase as a dje ctiv e o r adv erb .) Complete subject complete predicate. 2 . Lab el an y sim ple su bj ec ts (Re me mbe r to u nd e rl in e the co mp le te s ub je cts) ( 3 . Lab el an y ve rb s (i s it tran siti ve o r in tran sitiv e? Re mem be r to un d erl in e th e co mpl ete p re d icate s.) 4 . Lab el an y di rec t an d in d irec t o bje cts 5 . Lab el an y pre di cate ad je ctive s or p red icate n omi na ti ve s 6 . Lab el an y app osi tive s Need more details? ok ! L o i de s in ) = phrase s - simple subject vt - verb transitive vi - verb intransitive do - direct object io - indirect object pn - predicate nominative pa - predicate adjective appos ph - appositive phrase essen – essential noness - nonessential op - object of the preposition Sentence Subject Sentence Predicate SIMPLE SUBJECT - main word (or group of words) in the complete subject • • • • SIMPLE PREDICATE - the main VERB in the sentence ACTION VERB (SIMPLE PREDICATE) • Transitive: transfers action to a direct object (We love grammar.) • Intransitive: does not take a direct object (Sheila sat down.) Examples: S VT DO The eagle spotted the mouse from his branch. S VI The truck sat in our driveway all day. must be a noun or pronoun can never be in a prepositional phrase There and here are never the subject of a sentence. The subject can be an “ understood you”: o Ex: Bring me the remote control, please. (You bring it.) Examples: The purple spotted bunny jumped for joy. My family likes yoga in the morning. LINKING VERBS (SIMPLE PREDICATE) • Link the subject to a predicate adjective or predicate nominative • Shows a state of being Examples: S LV PA The truck was blue. COMPLE TE SUBJECT - the simple subject and all its modifiers; part o f the sentence about which something is be ing said S LV PN Sue was a cheerleader. S LV (Shows a state of being) She was at home. Examples: The purple spotted bunny jumped for joy. In the morning, my family likes yoga. COMPLE TE PREDICATE - the verb plus all its modifiers; part of a se nte nce that says so mething about the subje ct Examples: The purple spotted bunny jumped for joy. My family likes yoga in the morning. Beware of Inverted Sentences – When something other than the subject is first! S V In the morning, Sam likes eggs. (Prep phrase is first) Flip, then label – Sam likes eggs in the morning. S HV V Did Sam eat eggs today? (It’s a question) Make a statement, then label – Sam did eat eggs today. 2 Complements COMPLEMENTS complete the meaning of the subject and verb are ents in m e l p d Com ER foun al V on NE ositi !! p e r p ses phra Direct & Indirect Objects -Direct objects -Indirect objects -Predicate adjectives -Predicate nominatives Predicate Adjectives & Nominatives Direct object - a no un or pronoun that fo llows an action verb and receives the action of that verb Pr edicate nominative (no un)- a no un or pronoun that fo llows a linking verb and renames the sub ject To find it, say, “subject – verb - what?” Examples: I like English. “I – like - what?” English = direct object To find it, say “subject - linking verb - what?” Examples: He is a nice guy. “He – is - what?” Guy = predicate nominative Susan quickly threw the ball across the field. “Susan threw what?” ball = direct object The teacher was the basketball coach. “teacher - was - what?” coach= predicate nominative Predicate adjective - an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject Indir ect ob jects - a no un or pronoun that comes b efore a direct ob ject To find it, say “ subject - linking verb - what?” To find it, say, “subject – verb - direct object - to or for whom or what?” Examples: He is nice. “He – is - what?” nice = predicate adjective Examples: He gave me the paper. “He – gave – paper - to whom?” me = indirect object The blue dress was lovely. “dress - was - what?” lovely = predicate adjective Susan quickly threw Tom the ball across the field. “Susan - threw - ball - to whom?” Tom=indirect object 3 PREPOSITION AL PHRASE – a group of words beginning with a preposition and ending wit h a noun or pronoun and functio ning as either an adjective or an adverb ive?? : Adjeecrstthe questiokninsd? or Answ one?, What Which ny? a Ho w m APPOSITIVE – a noun or pronoun that follows and renames another noun or pronoun 1. Adv Answ erb? ? Whe ers the n or T ? Wher questio o wh n e at e ? How? s: xten t? Adjective Examples: I want a room (with a view). - - - “with a view” answers the question “what kind” of room Esse nti al a ppo sitiv e s are NEEDED for clarity of meaning in the sentence but do NOT need commas around the appositive. The boat (with the red sail) is sure to win the race. - - “with a red sail” answers which boat Adverb Examples: My son Matt likes trains. (appositive: Matt) His house is (on the lake). - - - “on the lake” answers “where” of the verb “is” The poem “Oh Captain, My Captain” by Walt Whitman is one of my favorites. (appositive = “Oh Captain, My Captain”) 2. OR My dog left his favorite bone (under the kitchen table). - - -“under the kitchen table” answers the question where OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION follows a preposition and te lls “ what ?” No ne sse nti al a ppo sitiv e s are added descriptive details and DO need the commas around the appositive Examples: Maggie, my daughter, loves to dance. (appositive: my daughter) The key is (under the rug). “Oh Captain, My Captain,” a poem by Walt Whitman, is one of my favorites. (appositive = a poem by Walt Whitman) “under what?” rug = object of preposition The dragon slept (on his golden treasure). “on what?” treasure = object of the preposition The mountain (in the distance) was tall. “in what?” distance = object of the preposition **If there is no object, it is not a preposition: She went (out the door.) – prep phrase She went out. (out is an adverb.) 4 Subject/Verb Agreement – Let’s All Just Get Along! The basic rules: A singular subject takes a singular verb. (Tom talks too much.) A plural subject takes a plural verb. (The girls talk too much.) But there are many, many tricky ones: Compound subject joined by and = plural (Tom and Bob talk too much.) Compound subject joined by or = singular (Tom or Bob talks too much.) How decide which verb to use: 1. Is your subject a he, she, or it? If so, how would you say the verb? He walks. lar She runs. Singu form 2. Is your subject a “they” (meaning it is plural and there are more than one of them)? If so, how would you say the verb (try substituting in the word “they” if it helps. They walk. l They run. Plura form Indefinite pronouns often take singular verbs (Everyone talks too much.) The pronouns each, everyone, every one, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, and somebody are singular and require singular verbs. Do not be misled by the object of the preposition in the prepositional phrase that follows the indefinite pronoun.