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Sentence Parts
Tuesday
Daily Grammar Practice
Day 2…Tuesday…what do I
do with all those labels
from Monday?
First, don’t ignore what you did
yesterday. Use Monday’s labels
as a guide.
C a v em a n ta
l k … g oo d w
a y fi n d s im
si m p le v er b
p l e su b je ct
and
Abbreviations
1 . Lab el an y pre po siti on al phras es (id en tify
th e o b je ct o f th e pre po sitio n ; l abe l the ph rase
as a dje ctiv e o r adv erb .)
Complete subject complete predicate.
2 . Lab el an y sim ple su bj ec ts (Re me mbe r to
u nd e rl in e the co mp le te s ub je cts)
(
3 . Lab el an y ve rb s (i s it tran siti ve o r
in tran sitiv e? Re mem be r to un d erl in e th e
co mpl ete p re d icate s.)
4 . Lab el an y di rec t an d
in d irec t o bje cts
5 . Lab el an y pre di cate
ad je ctive s or p red icate
n omi na ti ve s
6 . Lab el an y app osi tive s
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details?
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L o i de
s
in
) = phrase
s - simple subject
vt - verb transitive
vi - verb intransitive
do - direct object
io - indirect object
pn - predicate nominative
pa - predicate adjective
appos ph - appositive phrase
essen – essential
noness - nonessential
op - object of the preposition
Sentence Subject
Sentence Predicate
SIMPLE SUBJECT - main word
(or group of words) in the
complete subject
•
•
•
•
SIMPLE PREDICATE - the main
VERB in the sentence
ACTION VERB (SIMPLE PREDICATE)
• Transitive: transfers action to a direct
object (We love grammar.)
• Intransitive: does not take a direct object
(Sheila sat down.)
Examples:
S
VT
DO
The eagle spotted the mouse from his
branch.
S VI
The truck sat in our driveway all day.
must be a noun or pronoun
can never be in a prepositional phrase
There and here are never the subject of a
sentence.
The subject can be an “ understood you”:
o Ex: Bring me the remote control,
please. (You bring it.)
Examples:
The purple spotted bunny jumped for joy.
My family likes yoga in the morning.
LINKING VERBS (SIMPLE PREDICATE)
• Link the subject to a predicate adjective or
predicate nominative
• Shows a state of being
Examples:
S
LV PA
The truck was blue.
COMPLE TE SUBJECT - the
simple subject and all its
modifiers; part o f the sentence
about which something is
be ing said
S LV
PN
Sue was a cheerleader.
S LV (Shows a state of being)
She was at home.
Examples:
The purple spotted bunny jumped for joy.
In the morning, my family likes yoga.
COMPLE TE PREDICATE - the
verb plus all its modifiers;
part of a se nte nce that says
so mething about the subje ct
Examples:
The purple spotted bunny jumped for joy.
My family likes yoga in the morning.
Beware of Inverted Sentences – When something other than the subject is first!
S
V
In the morning, Sam likes eggs. (Prep phrase is first) Flip, then label – Sam likes eggs in the morning.
S
HV V
Did Sam eat eggs today? (It’s a question) Make a statement, then label – Sam did eat eggs today.
2
Complements
COMPLEMENTS complete the
meaning of the subject and verb
are
ents in
m
e
l
p
d
Com ER foun al
V
on
NE
ositi !!
p
e
r
p
ses
phra
Direct & Indirect Objects
-Direct objects
-Indirect objects
-Predicate adjectives
-Predicate nominatives
Predicate Adjectives &
Nominatives
Direct object - a no un or pronoun
that fo llows an action verb and
receives the action of that verb
Pr edicate nominative (no un)- a
no un or pronoun that fo llows a
linking verb and renames the
sub ject
To find it, say, “subject – verb - what?”
Examples:
I like English. “I – like - what?”
English = direct object
To find it, say “subject - linking verb - what?”
Examples:
He is a nice guy. “He – is - what?”
Guy = predicate nominative
Susan quickly threw the ball across the field.
“Susan threw what?”
ball = direct object
The teacher was the basketball coach.
“teacher - was - what?”
coach= predicate nominative
Predicate adjective - an adjective that
follows a linking verb and describes the
subject
Indir ect ob jects - a no un or
pronoun that comes b efore a
direct ob ject
To find it, say “ subject - linking verb - what?”
To find it, say, “subject – verb - direct object - to or
for whom or what?”
Examples:
He is nice. “He – is - what?”
nice = predicate adjective
Examples:
He gave me the paper.
“He – gave – paper - to whom?”
me = indirect object
The blue dress was lovely.
“dress - was - what?”
lovely = predicate adjective
Susan quickly threw Tom the ball across the field.
“Susan - threw - ball - to whom?”
Tom=indirect object
3
PREPOSITION AL PHRASE – a
group of words beginning with
a preposition and ending wit h
a noun or pronoun and
functio ning as either an
adjective or an adverb
ive?? :
Adjeecrstthe questiokninsd? or
Answ one?, What
Which ny?
a
Ho w m
APPOSITIVE – a noun or
pronoun that follows and
renames another noun or
pronoun
1.
Adv
Answ erb?
?
Whe ers the
n
or T ? Wher questio
o wh
n
e
at e ? How? s:
xten
t?
Adjective Examples:
I want a room (with a view). - - - “with a view” answers
the question “what kind” of room
Esse nti al a ppo sitiv e s are NEEDED for
clarity of meaning in the sentence but do
NOT need commas around the
appositive.
The boat (with the red sail) is sure to win the race. - - “with a red sail” answers which boat
Adverb Examples:
My son Matt likes trains.
(appositive: Matt)
His house is (on the lake). - - - “on the lake” answers
“where” of the verb “is”
The poem “Oh Captain, My Captain” by
Walt Whitman is one of my favorites.
(appositive = “Oh Captain, My Captain”)
2.
OR
My dog left his favorite bone (under the kitchen table).
- - -“under the kitchen table” answers the question
where
OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION follows a preposition and te lls
“ what ?”
No ne sse nti al a ppo sitiv e s are added
descriptive details and DO need the
commas around the appositive
Examples:
Maggie, my daughter, loves to dance.
(appositive: my daughter)
The key is (under the rug).
“Oh Captain, My Captain,” a poem by
Walt Whitman, is one of my favorites.
(appositive = a poem by Walt Whitman)
“under what?”
rug = object of preposition
The dragon slept (on his golden treasure). “on what?”
treasure = object of the preposition
The mountain (in the distance) was tall. “in what?”
distance = object of the preposition
**If there is no object, it is not a preposition:
She went (out the door.) – prep phrase
She went out. (out is an adverb.)
4
Subject/Verb Agreement – Let’s All Just Get Along!
The basic rules:
A singular subject takes a singular verb. (Tom talks too
much.)
A plural subject takes a plural verb. (The girls talk too much.)
But there are many, many tricky ones:
Compound subject joined by and = plural (Tom and Bob talk
too much.)
Compound subject joined by or = singular (Tom or Bob talks
too much.)
How decide which verb to use:
1. Is your subject a he, she, or it?
If so, how would you say the
verb?
He walks.
lar
She runs.
Singu
form
2. Is your subject a “they”
(meaning it is plural and there
are more than one of them)? If
so, how would you say the verb
(try substituting in the word
“they” if it helps.
They walk.
l
They run.
Plura
form
Indefinite pronouns often take singular verbs (Everyone talks too much.)
The pronouns each, everyone, every one, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, and
somebody are singular and require singular verbs. Do not be misled by the object of the
preposition in the prepositional phrase that follows the indefinite pronoun.