Download Matching (2 pts ea)

Name: __________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ___________________
Mr. Miller Genetics Test #2
DNA & RNA Test Study Guide
Matching (2 pts ea)
DNA Review Worksheet
1. What does DNA stand for?
2. What is DNA’s primary function?
3. What is the function of proteins?
4. What are the repeating subunits called that make up DNA?
5. Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide.
6. Sketch and label a DNA nucleotide.
7. Name the 4 nitrogen bases on DNA.
8. What is the difference between a purine & a pyrimidine?
9. Name 2 purines.
10. Name 2 pyrimidines.
11.Who is responsible for determining the structure of the DNA molecule?
12. The model of DNA is known as a ____________________________ because it is composed of
two ___________________ chains wrapped around each other.
13. What makes up the sides of a DNA molecule?
14. What makes up the "steps" of a DNA molecule?
15. What type of bonds holds the DNA bases together? Are they strong or weak bonds?
16. What makes up the "backbone" of the DNA molecule?
17. On DNA, a ____________________ base will always pair with a __________________ base.
18. Name the complementary base pairs on DNA.
19. How many hydrogen bonds link cytosine & guanine? adenine & thymine?
20. How does the nucleotide sequence in one chain of DNA compare with the other chain of DNA?
21. Why must DNA be able to make copies of itself?
22. Define DNA replication.
23. What is the first step that must occur in DNA replication?
24. What acts as the template in DNA replication?
25. What is a replication fork?
26. Know the function of the following enzymes: topoisomerase, helicase, polymerase, nuclease, primase
28. What is Okazaki fragment?
29. ____________________ are joined to replicating strands of DNA by ________________ bonds.
29. If the sequence of nucleotides on the original DNA strand was 3’ A – G – G – C – T – A 5’, what would
be the nucleotide sequence on the complementary strand of DNA?
30. Differentiate between leading strand and lagging strand.
32. When replication is complete, how do the 2 new DNA molecules compare to each other & the original
DNA molecule?
33. Is DNA replicated (copied) before or after cell division?
RNA and Protein Synthesis
1. What are the three differences between DNA and RNA?
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2. What are the three RNA discussed in class? _______________________________________________________
3. Which type of RNA transfers amino acids? ________________________________________________________
4. Which type of RNA carries messages? __________________________________________________________
5. Which type of RNA is found in ribosomes? ________________________________________________________
6. How many strands does DNA have?
_________________
7. How many strands does RNA have?
_________________
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
What sugar is found in DNA? ___________________________________________
What sugar is found in RNA? ___________________________________________
What is made from RNA?
___________________________________________
What are the two main steps to protein synthesis? ________________________ _________________________
What enzyme is used to unzip the DNA and add new
_______________________________________
RNA nucleotides?
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
What is a group of three RNA nucleotides called?
_____________________________
What does transcribe mean?
___________________________________
What does translate mean?
___________________________________
What is a group of three nucleotides on tRNA called? _____________________________________
Where does transcription and translation take place? _______________________ ___________________
Matching
18. Silent
19. Nonsense
20. Missense
a. A STOP codon is produced too early in the sequence
b. Amino acids are changed, but the protein still functions
c. There is no change in amino acid sequence
21. Translocation
22. Inversion
23. Duplication
24. Deletion
d. Genes are rearranged on a single chromosome
e. One gene gets copied
f. Genes are moved from one chromosome to another
g. One gene gets deleted
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
h. Region of an operon that allows RNA polymerase to bond.
i. Region of an operon that allows repressors or activators to bond.
j. Molecule that bonds to prevent transcription from occurring.
k. Molecule that bonds to allow transcription to occur.
l. Controls the layout of body forms in vertebrates.
m. Segment of “good” DNA that is kept for protein synthesis.
n. Name referring to genes that work together.
o. Enzyme that bonds to a promoter to allow transcription to begin.
Promoter
Operator
Activator
Repressor
Exon
Intron
Operon
RNA Polymerase
Short Answer
33. Fill in the following table. (9 pts)
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Amino Acid
TCA
GAG
ACT
AGC
CGG
Methionine
34. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
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35. Describe the process of transcription and translation starting from a DNA molecule. What is the
purpose of this process? Include the terms translate, transcribe, codon, anticodon, DNA, mRNA,
tRNA, ribosome, amino acid and proteins.
______________________________________________________________________________
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36. Describe the three types of mutations.
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37. Describe the effects of point mutation and frameshift mutations. (SILENT, MISSENSE, and
NONSENSE)
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___________________________________________________
38. Describe the four types of chromosomal mutations (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation)
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39. Be able to identify the four types of chromosomal mutations from a picture like the one below.