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Wellness Life Zone, Foot Zone Academy 1 Digestive and Excretory Systems Pretest DIGESTIVE AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS PRE-­‐TEST 1. What is the chemical and physical breakdown of food? 2. The digestive tract is also known as what? 3. When nutrients move from the small intestinal tract into circulation it is called? 4. What is it called when nutrients are taken up by the body and utilized by cells, where they undergo chemical transformation, and the elimination of metabolic waste products? 5. This is the process of eliminating undigested food from the body in the form of feces. 6. These organs are not part of the digestive tract, but help in digestion by producing a variety of secretions that are needed for digestion. An example would be the gall bladder. 7. List the 7 primary organs of the digestive tract. 8. What does the tongue detect? 9. What secretes saliva enzymes into the mouth to moisten food for easier swallowing, and initiates chemical breakdown of food? 10. What are the names of the three saliva glands? Wellness Life Zone © 2016 All Rights Reserved Wellness Life Zone, Foot Zone Academy 2 Digestive and Excretory Systems Pretest 11. The salivary glands secret lubricating fluid containing enzymes that breaks down what? 12. What propels food from the oral cavity to the esophagus? 13. Name the long muscle, about 12 inches long, that transports food to the stomach. 14. Name the muscle bands located throughout the digestive tract that regulate the flow of food from one organ to another. 15. Name the sphincter located between the esophagus and stomach. 16. Name the part of the digestive tract that uses chemical and muscular breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes. 17. What is the mixture of water, enzymes, intrinsic factor, and hydrochloric acid secreted by cells in the lining of the stomach called? 18. What does the stomach mix and churn food with gastric juices into? 19. Name the sphincter located between the stomach and duodenum. 20. What organ produces bile and is also considered the largest gland? 21. What do bile salts do? 22. What organ stores and releases bile? Wellness Life Zone © 2016 All Rights Reserved Wellness Life Zone, Foot Zone Academy 3 Digestive and Excretory Systems Pretest 23. What accessory organ of the digestive system is comprised of both exocrine and endocrine cells? 24. The pancreas is a source of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are released into ducts for digestion. What type of cells are these called? 25. A source of hormones, which are released into the blood by the pancreas for glucose regulation are called ___________________________. 26. What hormones do not play a role in digestion? 27. Name 3 Digestive enzymes that facilitate a chemical reaction of the digestive system. 28. The small intestine is approximately how many feet long? 29. Name the three sections of the small intestines. 30. What section of the small intestine receives bile and pancreatic juice to help calm the acids from the stomach? 31. What section of the small intestine is responsible for most of the absorption? 32. In what section of the small intestines is vitamin B12 absorbed? 33. What are the hair-­‐like projections in the walls of the small intestine that help absorb food called? 34. What is the rhythmic wave-­‐like contractions and relaxation called that propels food forward in the GI tract? Wellness Life Zone © 2016 All Rights Reserved Wellness Life Zone, Foot Zone Academy 4 Digestive and Excretory Systems Pretest 35. Name the region of the digestive tract where most enzymatic digestion and absorption of water takes place. 36. What cranial nerve transmits information between the GI tract and the brain? 37. What nerve plexus has influences between the brain and the digestive system? It is also known as the solar plexus. 38. What is the neurotransmitter that is found more abundantly in the gut than even the brain? 39. What type of digestion doesn't chemically change food but is the physical manipulation of solid foods called? This type of digestion occurs first by the tongue and the teeth in the oral cavity and then by swirling and mixing motions of the digestive tract. 40. What type of digestion causes food to break down nutrients through digestive enzymes into simple molecules that cells can use? 41. What part of the digestive system absorbs residual water, electrolytes and any extra vitamins from the bowels and compacts indigestible materials to prepare the body for defecation? 42. List the 10 regions of the colon. 43. What two areas high in lymphocytes connect to the colon? 44. Name the opening through which the body passes feces, below the final segment of the colon and that terminates the gastrointestinal system. Wellness Life Zone © 2016 All Rights Reserved Wellness Life Zone, Foot Zone Academy 5 Digestive and Excretory Systems Pretest 45. What is the function of the excretory system? To remove waste 46. What is the name of two bean-­‐shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water? 47. List 3 main functions of the kidneys 48. How does the kidney control the water salt balance? 49. Besides blood pressure, what is salt necessary for? 50. About how many quarts of fluid is filtered by the kidneys each day? 51. List the three main regions of the kidney: 52. Name the outer layer of the kidney. 53. Name the inner region of the kidney and is made of millions of nephrons. 54. What are the functional units of the kidney? 55. How many nephrons are there in each kidney? 56. Where does the urine created in nephron flow? Wellness Life Zone © 2016 All Rights Reserved Wellness Life Zone, Foot Zone Academy 6 Digestive and Excretory Systems Pretest 57. What are four things the kidney filters? 58. List 2 hormones that assist kidneys. 59. What is urea? 60. Name the sack-­‐like muscular organ that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body. 61. What fluid, produced by the kidneys contains water, urea and other waste materials? 62. What is the narrow tube that carries urine from one of the kidneys to the urinary bladder? 63. What is the small tube through which urine flows from the body? 64. What is the connection between the cardiovascular and the excretory systems? 65. What is the connection between the digestive and excretory systems? 66. What is the connection between endocrine and the excretory systems? Wellness Life Zone © 2016 All Rights Reserved