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Matrissya Hermita
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
AT A BRIEF...
COGNITIVE SCIENCE??
Cognitive science is the science of
mind and behavior.

Of or pertaining to cognition, or
to the action or process of
knowing (OED)

Understanding
knowledge
acquisition and use is the key
to understanding the mind.
So what is cognitive science?
 Cognitive science is a scientific study of
the mind with special emphasis on the use
and acquisition of knowledge and
information.
 Implications
 An inter-disciplinary approach – Many
scientific disciplines contribute to
cognitive science.
 A computational approach – Explain
 Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary
study of mind and intelligence, embracing
philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence,
neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology.
how is the nature of the human mind?
“… seeks to understand perceiving,
thinking, remembering, understanding
language, learning, and other mental
phenomena.”
“… a basic science it seeks to discover highly general
and
explanatory
fundamental
principles
of
information processing.”
…..Information processing everywhere
 Perception
 acquiring
real-time
information
surrounding environment.
about
the
 Language use
 making use of information about syntax, semantics
and phonology.
 Reasoning
 combining different sources of information, deriving
new information, testing consistency of information,
etc.
 Action
 making use of information in action planning and
guidance.
 Memory
This is one
reason why cognitive science is inter-disciplinary….
 storing and retrieving information
Why there was no cognitive science
 They didn’t think that knowledge is the
key.
 Perhaps it is a special substance?
(Dualism)
 Perhaps it is stimulus-response?
(Behaviorism)
 They didn’t know about computers.
A useful short history:
http://ls.berkeley.edu/ugis/cogsci/major/about.php
 Small stupid steps combine to do
Usaha untuk memahami kerja dari alam berfikir manusia (MIND) sudah
dimulai :
 sejak zaman Yunani
Plato dan Aritoteles

the nature of human knowledge
FILSAFAT
 Abad –19
W.Wundt

Laboratorium untuk mempelajari
mental operations
PSIKOLOGI EKSPERIMEN
 J.B. Watson

meninjau dari hubungan S -- R
BEHAVIORISM
TIDAK menerima aspek kesadaran (consciousness) dan representasi
mental
 Pertengahan 1950
John Mc.Carthy,
Marvin Minsky,
Allen Newell,
Herbert Simon
 Tahun 1956
Simposium MIT
Miller
Noam Chomsky
Memory
Linguist
 Kognitif Sains
Lahir sekitar
tahun 1970
Artificial
Intelligence
What is special about cognitive
science?
 Focuses on knowledge and information
as the key to understanding the mind.
 Interdisciplinary
 Computational approach
 Special relevance to IT and AI
 Individualistic
 Multi-level explanations
Psychology
Social psychology
Educational psychology
Cognitive science
INTERDISCIPLINARY approach
 Division of labour
 Psychology – cognitive psychology,




developmental psychology..
Linguistics – syntax, semantics, phonology …
Neuroscience – brain structures,
localization …
Computer science – AI, computer models …
Philosophy – theoretical foundations …
…Summary
 Cognitive science is an inter-disciplinary
science of mind and behavior.
 The computational approach : using
computations and representations to
explain mental processes.
 Three levels of descriptions.
 Coming up next: language as an example.
.... to be continued …