Download Biol 211 (2) Chapter 13 KEY

Professor: Hufford/Biederman
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Biology 211 (2) Week 9!
Chapter 13!
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VOCABULARY: !
Alleles: Different versions of
the same gene (one from
maternal, one from paternal)
Benign tumors: noninvasive/ Diploid: Having two sets of
noncancerous tumors where chromosomes
cells divide uncontrollably
Gametes: haploid, formed
from meiosis (egg and
sperm)
Genes: A section of DNA that Haploid: One set of
encodes information
chromosomes
Homologous: chromosomes
of the same types of genes
that have complementary
genes
Karyotype: various different Maternal chromosomes: A
shapes and number of
chromosome inherited from
chromosomes that an
the mother
organism has
Malignant tumors: invasive
tumors that are cancerous
because cells divide
uncontrollably and spread
throughout the body
Meiosis I: The first cell
division of meiosis, in which
synapsis and crossing over
occur and homologous
chromosomes are separated
from each other, producing
daughter cells with half as
many chromosomes as the
parent cell
Meiosis II: The second cell
division of meiosis, in which
sister chromatids are
separated from each other.
Similar to mitosis
Metastasis: when cancer
cells detach from the
original tumor and invade
other tissues
Paternal chromosomes: A
chromosome inherited from
the father
Chromosome: Gene-carrying
structure consisting of a
single long molecule of
double-stranded DNA and
associated proteins
Sex chromosomes:
Chromosomes that differ in
shape or in number in males
and females. For example,
the X and Y chromosomes of
many animals
Tumor: Forms when one or
more cells in a multicellular
organism begins to divide in
an uncontrolled fashion
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KEY CONCEPTS:!
Chapter 12: !
1. What are the two types of defects that cause cancer?!
1. Defects that make the proteins (Rb protein) required for cell growth active when they
should not be!
Professor: Hufford/Biederman
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
2. Defects that prevent tumor suppressor genes (p53) from shutting down the cell cycle!
2. Humans have _____ chromosomes in every cell (except their gametes). Human
gametes have _____ chromosomes: ___ pair of sex chromosomes, and ___ pairs of
autosomes. !
1. 46; 23; 1; 22!
3. What is the difference between genes and alleles?!
1. A gene is a section of DNA that encodes information, while alleles are different
versions of the same gene. !
4. Briefly describe the different processes in Meiosis—Meiosis I and Meiosis II.!
1. During Meiosis I, the diploid parent cell produces two haploid daughter cells. This is
when the homologs in each chromosome pair separate and go to different daughter
cells. !
2. During Meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and go to
different daughter cells. There is no ploidy change. This is similar to mitosis. !
5. How many and what ploidy of daughter cells are produced during Meiosis?!
1. Four, haploid daughter cells that contain one chromosome each. !
6. Charts to know: