Download 3 The endocrine system of a vertebrate

UNIT
3
The interaction function
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
OF A VERTEBRATE
Natural Science 2. Secondary Education
UNIT
UNIDAD
3
3
The endocrine system of a vertebrate
Pituitary gland
• Many vertebrates, including
human beings, have a complex
chemical coordination system
called the endocrine system.
• The human endocrine system
is made up of a number of
glands that release hormones
into the blood.
• Each hormone is a chemical
messenger that reaches a
particular effector organ and
triggers a response.
Natural Science2. Secondary Education
Thyroid
gland
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testicles
UNIT
UNIDAD
3
3
The endocrine system of a vertebrate
• Many vertebrates including
human beings, have a complex
chemical coordination system
called the endocrine system.
• The human endocrine system
is made up of a number of
glands that release hormones
into the blood.
Pituitary gland
Thyroid
gland
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testicles
• Each hormone is a chemical
messenger that reaches a
particular effector organ and
triggers a response.
Natural Science2. Secondary Education
Click on the gland
names to find out
how their hormones
work.
UNIT
UNIDAD
3
3
The endocrine system of a vertebrate
PITUITARY GLAND
A small gland found at the base of the brain.
Hormones it produces:
• Growth hormone. Stimulates the growth of bones and
muscles until maturity.
• Prolactin. Stimulates the production of milk in the
mammary glands after women give birth.
• TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). Regulates the
production of hormones in the thyroid.
• FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). Stimulates the
production of eggs in the ovaries.
• LH (luteinizing hormone). Stimulates ovulation in
women and production of testosterone (the male sex
hormone) in men.
Natural Science2. Secondary Education
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UNIT
UNIDAD
3
3
The endocrine system of a vertebrate
THYROID GLAND
An H-shaped gland found in the neck (at the top of the windpipe).
Hormones it produces:
Thyroid
gland
Natural Science2. Secondary Education
• Thyroxine. This hormone causes an
increase in the chemical activity of the cells in
many of organs. It stimulates our bodies’
metabolism of carbohydrates and fats,
consuming oxygen and breaking down
proteins inside cells.
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UNIT
UNIDAD
3
3
The endocrine system of a vertebrate
ADRENAL GLANDS
The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys.
Adrenal glands
Hormones they produce:
• Adrenalin. It increases blood sugar
levels, blood pressure and heart rate,
preparing our bodies for action in
situations in which we are alert or in
danger.
• Cortisol. This hormone is produced as
a response to stress. It regulates the
processes of producing and breaking
down proteins and sugars in cells.
Natural Science2. Secondary Education
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UNIT
UNIDAD
3
3
The endocrine system of a vertebrate
PANCREAS
This is a mixed gland: It is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.
Hormones it produces:
• Insulin. This hormone causes a drop in
blood sugar levels, making cells take up
glucose from the blood.
• Glucagon. This hormone causes an
increase in blood sugar levels, making cells
release glucose into the bloodstream.
Natural Science2. Secondary Education
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UNIT
UNIDAD
3
3
The endocrine system of a vertebrate
TESTICLES
Hormones they produce:
• Testosterone. This is the male sex
hormone, which promotes male sexual
characteristics and triggers sperm
development.
Testicles
Natural Science2. Secondary Education
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UNIT
UNIDAD
3
3
The endocrine system of a vertebrate
OVARIES
Ovaries
Hormones they produce:
• Estrogen and progesterone. These are
female sex hormones that cause the
development of secondary female
characteristics and prepare a woman’s body
for possible pregnancy.
Natural Science2. Secondary Education
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