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SCIENCE
AP Chemistry
Organizing Topic
Nature of Energy
Benchmark
A. Relate atomic level observations to models of the atom.
Indicator
1. Cite evidence for the atomic theory.
2. Distinguish atomic mass, atomic number, mass number
and isotopes.
3. Show relationship between electron energy levels, atomic
spectra, quantum numbers and atomic orbitals.
4. Relate chemical and physical properties to periodic
relationships (periodic table).
5. Relate binding forces to the states, structure and
properties of matter.
6. Understand the development and use of molecular
models.
Nature of Matter
B. Compare and contrast properties of the states of matter.
7. Use molecular geometry, isomerism, and dipole
moments to relate properties to structure.
8. Understand and solve problems using laws of ideal gases.
9. Interpret ideal gas laws (and deviations for ideality) in
terms of the kinetic molecular theory.
10. Interpret liquid and solid behavior from kinetic molecular
viewpoint.
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SCIENCE
AP Chemistry
Organizing Topic
Nature of Matter
Benchmark
B. Compare and contrast properties of the states of matter.
Indicator
11. Analyze phase diagrams for one component system.
12. Understand structure of solids.
13. Knows the types of solutions and the factors affecting
solubility.
14. Solve problems expressing concentrations.
15. Solves colligative property problems.
Nature of Energy
C. Describe the effects of energy changes and relate them to
the Laws of Thermodynamics.
16. Understand the qualitative aspects of non-ideal solution
behavior.
17. Understand state functions.
18. Relate changes in enthalpy, heat of formation, heat of
reaction, Hess’s Law, calorimetry and heats of
vaporization and fusion to the First Law of
Thermodynamics.
19. Relate entropy, free energy of formation, free energy of
reaction, and free energy changes to the Second Law of
Thermodynamics.
20. Demonstrate the relationship of free energy change to
equilibrium constants and electrode potentials.
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SCIENCE
AP Chemistry
Organizing Topic
Nature of Energy
Benchmark
D. Apply principles of kinetics and equilibrium to chemical
reactions.
Indicator
21. Contrast and compare physical and chemical equilibria.
22. Solve problems dealing with equilibrium constants for
gaseous reactions.
23. Solve equilibrium problems for acid-base, solubility
product, common ion effect, buffer, and hydrolysis
reactions.
24. Predict the effect of stress on the direction of an
equilibrium system.
25. Understand the concept of rate of reaction.
26. Use differential rate laws to determine the order of
reaction and rate constant from experimental data.
27. Show the effects of temperature changes of reaction
rates.
28. Describe the role of activation energy and catalysts on
reaction rates.
29. Relate the rate-determining step to the mechanism of the
reaction.
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SCIENCE
AP Chemistry
Organizing Topic
Nature of Energy
Benchmark
E. Describe chemical reactions quantitatively and
qualitatively in equations.
Indicator
30. Distinguish Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis,
coordination complex and amphoteric acid-based
reactions.
31. Identify and use precipitation reactions.
32. Use oxidation number and oxidation-reduction reactions
to solve electrochemical problems.
33. Distinguish ionic and molecular species present in
chemical systems.
34. Balance chemical equations including those for redox
reactions.
35. Solve problems dealing with mass and volume
relationships, using the mole, empirical formulas and
limiting reactants.
36. Describe descriptive aspects of chemical reactivity and
reaction products.
Nature of Matter
37. Relate nuclear equations, half-lives and radioactivity to
chemical applications.
38. Know structure, nomenclature, and chemical properties
of hydrocarbons and related functional groups.
F. Describe the properties of hydrocarbons.
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