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Transcript
NOTES: ATOMS AND CHEMISTRY I. The Chemistry of matter A. All matter in the universe is composed of atoms. B. Parts of an atom 1. Electron Shell – The outer part of an atom. This is where the electrons are found. a) Electrons – Negatively charged particles found in the electron shell. Electrons orbit the nucleus. 2. Nucleus – The center of the atom. Composed of Protons and Neutrons. a) Proton – Positively charged particles. b) Neutron – Neutral particles. C. For the Elements, the number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of Protons. This is called the Atomic Number. Different Atoms have different numbers of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons. These are called Elements. D. Elements – Matter composed of the same type of atoms. Example: Gold is an element; it is made of gold atoms. There are 93 natural elements found on Earth. E. Compounds – Matter composed of 2 or more elements chemically combined. Example: H20 (water) Compounds are held together by atomic bonds, there are 2 types: F. Ionic Bond – A weak bond formed by two differently charged Ions sticking together. a) Ion – An atom which has gained or lost electrons. Example: Salt (NaCl) Sodium: Na (#11) Chlorine: Cl (#17) 11P 17P 11N 17N G. Covalent Bond – A very strong bond caused by the sharing of electrons between atoms. This bond requires lots of energy to make and to break. Example: Water H2O Hydrogen: H (#1) 1P Oxygen: O (#8) 8P 8N Hydrogen: H (#1) 1P