Download Reproduction DNA

Reproduction
DNA
Reproduction
 Life function by which _______________________________________________
_____________________________________
 Without reproduction ________________________________________
 Reproduction IS ________________________________________________________________________
In order to study reproduction, we need to look closely at DNA, the molecule of life!
What is DNA?
 Deoxyribonucleic Acid
 The _______________________________________________________________________
 This is what is _______________________________________________________________________________
 DNA is the ___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ (flesh, bones, hormones, enzymes, antibodies…)
What is DNA? (continued)
 Found in the ___________________ of every eukaryotic cell
 DNA _____________________________________________________________
____________________
 This means DNA makes a dog a dog and a human a human
 _________________________________________ in the organism
How are we different from a fly, fish, or a mushroom?
 ____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
Let’s take a look at the DNA molecule and how it’s built
1
How is DNA built?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA is made up of _____ long strands called ________________
________________.

Nucleic acids are made up of many small pieces called
________________________________
Each nucleotide consists of 3 parts:
1. __________________ (Deoxyribose for DNA)
2. ____________________
3. __________________ __________________ (Base)
 Adenine (____)
 Thymine (___)
 Cytosine (___)
 Guanine (___)
Lets Build DNA
How many nucleotides do you need to make DNA?
Many nucleotides are linked together in long chains called ________________________
How many strands of nucleic acids make up a strand of DNA? ________
The two strands stay together because the bases are chemically ________________
How do the Bases bond?
Nitrogenous Bases
♥
Adenine only bonds with ______________________
♥
♥
“____” only connects with “____”
Guanine only bonds with ______________________
♥
“____” only connects with “____”
 The bases form _________________ _______________ with matching bases and appear to be the steps in the
DNA double helix ladder.
2
 DNA’s shape is referred to as a ________________________________
DNA Questions
1. How many nucleotides with adenine are there in this piece of DNA?
____________________
2. Therefore, how many thymine bases are there in this piece of DNA?
__________________
3. If there are 1,300 Adenine bases in a piece of DNA, how many Thymine
bases are in that piece of DNA? _________________
4. If 20% of a random piece of DNA is made of Guanine, what percent (%) of
that piece of DNA is Cytosine? _____________
Where are the instructions in DNA?

The ________________________________________________ ____________________________
________________________________

The order of the bases makes my DNA different from your DNA

The order of bases makes human DNA different from a frog’s DNA or a potato plant’s DNA

There are _______________ differences between my DNA and a banana’s DNA

There are far _____________ differences between my DNA and your DNA
Drawing towards back of packet
How is DNA organized?
 DNA is found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells as messy __________________
 To help DNA be organized for cell division, DNA becomes tightly coiled creating a structure called a
________________________________
 Chromosome - _______________________________
______________________________
 Humans have ___________ chromosomes or ___________ single
strands of DNA
3
Just 46 strands of DNA?
 DNA is the _________________________________________________________________________
 Your body makes about 35,000 different proteins
 Why do we only have 46 strands of DNA and not 35,000?
One chromosome or one strand of DNA has the instructions
to make hundreds to thousands of proteins. A section of DNA
(chromosome) that codes for a specific protein is called a
gene.
Gene –
Don’t chromosomes look like an “X”
 Before DNA replication, chromosomes have _____________________________
 After DNA replication, chromosomes have _______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________ - single stranded chromosome
____________________________ - chromatids that are exact copies of each other
____________________________ - hold sister chromatids together
Drawing towards back of packet
4
How many chromosomes before and after DNA replication?
Why does DNA replicate?
 Before cell division in order
DNA Replication
 DNA makes ________________________________________________________________________
 This means DNA makes a new molecule of DNA with the ________________________________________
How does DNA replicate itself?
1. ______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
2. Complementary / ______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
5
Do Now’s
Do Now 31
1. What is DNA
2. How is DNA built (nucleic acids & nucleotides)
3. How is DNA organized (chromosomes & chromatids…)
4. Why is the order of bases in DNA important
Do Now 101
1. What effects enzyme reaction rate?
2. Name 2 proteins and describe them:
6
Do Now “Nucleic Acid”
Label the diagram using the following terms: nucleotides, deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen
base, hydrogen bonds, base pair
7. What shape is DNA?
8. Does every organism have the same amount of DNA?
9. Put in size order from largest to smallest:
(nucleotides, Nucleus, DNA, Gene, Chromosome)
10. What nitrogenous base must match up with Adenine?
a) Thymine
b) Guanine
c) Cytosine
d) Deoxyribose
11. label the parts of the following structure:
7
12. Create a complete sentence using the following words:
 Chromosome / DNA
 Chromosome / Genes
 DNA / Nucleic Acid
 Nucleic Acid / Nucleotide
12. Find the missing bases for this segment of DNA:
13.
8
DO NOW “23 MJ”
Drawing & Labeling Page
Draw and label:
Nucleotide (3 parts) / Nucleic Acid / DNA
9
Draw and label:
10