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Name _____________________________________ Period __________ Organ Systems Overview Rat Dissection and Observation Objective 1: Identify several organs of the various organ systems on a dissected rat. Now you will have a chance to observe the size, shape, location, and distribution of some organs and their organ systems. Many of the external and internal structures of the rat are quite similar in structure and function to those of the human. Note that four of the organ systems will not be studied at this time (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous), as they require microscopic study or a more detailed dissection. Safety Precautions: gloves, lab coat, goggles Check off as you locate and observe the following structures: Oral cavity (teeth, tongue) Pin rat to wax tray dorsal side down. Cut through skin layer as shown in diagram. Carefully cut through muscles of abdominal wall in the pubic region to avoid underlying organs. Make a cut from the pubic region to the rib cage and lateral cuts at the base of the rib cage. Cut the diaphragm to loosen the rib cage. Heart Lungs (left and right) Observe throat region Trachea Bronchi Push trachea to one side Esophagus Diaphragm Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Large intestine begins at cecum and ends at rectum Cecum Rectum Anus Lift intestines to view mesentery. Mesentery (delicate membrane that suspends small intestines) Pancreas (lift stomach to view) Spleen (dark red organ curves around stomach) Liver (large and brownish red) Gently move stomach and intestines to one side Kidneys (bean-shaped organs secured to posterior wall of body) Adrenal glands (sit on superior margin of each kidney) Strip away part of the membrane covering one kidney Ureters Urinary bladder Urethral opening Look along midline of body between kidneys Inferior vena cava (large vein that returns blood to heart from lower body) Abdominal aorta (deep to inferior vena cava; largest artery in abdominal cavity) Determine if animal is male or female (saclike scrotum and single body opening=male; three body openings=female) _________________ If male, Scrotum Testis (oval-shaped) Epididymis (coiled tube connecting testis to ductus deferens) Ductus deferens or vas deferens(sperm duct that joins urethra) Penis If female, Uterus (Y-shaped) Ovary Vaginal orifice (external vaginal opening) Please clean tools and lab table! Specimens will be saved and used for lab practicum. Objective 2: Identify several organs on a dissectible human torso model, and, given a list of organs, assign each to the correct organ system. Dorsal body cavity: brain, spinal cord Thoracic cavity: heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, esophagus, diaphragm, thyroid gland Abdominopelvic cavity: liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, kidneys, ureters, bladder, adrenal gland, uterus, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava Assign each of the organs identified on the human torso model to one of the following organ system categories. Digestive Urinary Cardiovascular Endocrine Reproductive Respiratory Lymphatic Nervous