Download Chapter outline Chapter objectives

Chapter 7: Learning
Study Plan: Session 1
1. Read the outline for the chapter. Survey the topics for your chapter. This can be found on my
website or the table of contents.
2. Read chapter objectives as shown below. The chapter objectives can also be found on the
publisher’s website.
3. Read the corresponding section(s).
4. Make a detailed outline of the section you just read.
5. Answer the objectives for the section shown below. Answer with as much detail as possible.
Describe examples of the psychological concepts.
6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the publisher’s website.
Chapter outline
Chapter objectives
Learning
Classical Conditioning
1.
List three key ideas in the definition of
learning and discuss the relationship
between learning and behaviorism.
2.
Describe classical conditioning. In doing
so, identify the unconditioned stimulus
(US), unconditioned response (UR),
conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned
response (CR) in Pavlov’s experiments and
other preparations, including drug
overdoses.
3.
Compare the acquisition, second-order
conditioning, extinction, and spontaneous
recovery of a classically conditioned
response.
4.
Discuss how stimulus generalization and
stimulus discrimination occur in classical
conditioning.
5.
Describe the events surrounding the
experience of Little Albert, noting in
particular how this case appeared to
bolster the behaviorist view of conditioned
emotional responses.
6.
Identify the cognitive elements of classical
conditioning, with focus on the principles
identified in the Rescorla-Wagner model.
7.
Distinguish between delay and trace
conditioning, and discuss how these
procedures can shed light on the role of
consciousness in classical conditioning.
8.
Identify the neural elements of classical
conditioning, with a focus on the
involvement of the cerebellum,
hippocampus, and amygdala.
9.
Identify the evolutionary elements of
classical conditioning, especially
conditioned food aversions and
preferences and the concept of biological
preparedness.
Classical Conditioning
•
The Development of Classical Conditioning:
Pavlov’s Experiments
•
The Basic Principles of Classical
Conditioning
•
THE REAL WORLD Understanding Drug
Overdoses
•
Conditioned Emotional Reponses: The Case
of Little Albert
•
A Deeper Understanding of Classical
Conditioning
•
CULTURE AND COMMUNITY Is it Possible
that Humans have an Innate Ability to
Understand Geometry?
Operant Conditioning
•
The Development of Operant Conditioning: The
Law of Effect
•
B.F. Skinner: The Role of Reinforcement and
Punishment
•
The Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning
•
A Deeper Understanding of Operant
Conditioning
•
HOT SCIENCE Control of Learning: From the
Laboratory to the Classroom
Observational Learning
•
Observational Learning in Humans
•
HOT SCIENCE Even More Reasons to Sleep
•
Observational Learning in Animals
•
Neural Elements of Observational Learning
Implicit Learning
•
Habituation: A Simple Case of Implicit Learning
•
Cognitive Approaches to Implicit Learning
•
Implicit and Explicit Learning Use Distinct
Neural Pathways
•
WHERE DO YOU STAND? Learning Rewards
for Its own Sake?
page 1
Chapter 7: Learning
Study Plan: Session 2
1. Read the outline for the chapter. Survey the topics for your chapter. This can be found on my
website or the table of contents.
2. Read chapter objectives as shown below. The chapter objectives can also be found on the
publisher’s website.
3. Read the corresponding section(s).
4. Make a detailed outline of the section you just read.
5. Answer the objectives for the section shown below. Answer with as much detail as possible.
Describe examples of the psychological concepts.
6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the publisher’s website.
Chapter outline
Learning
Classical Conditioning
•
The Development of Classical Conditioning:
Pavlov’s Experiments
•
The Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning
•
THE REAL WORLD Understanding Drug
Overdoses
•
Conditioned Emotional Reponses: The Case of
Little Albert
•
A Deeper Understanding of Classical
Conditioning
•
CULTURE AND COMMUNITY Is it Possible that
Humans have an Innate Ability to Understand
Geometry?
Operant Conditioning
•
The Development of Operant Conditioning:
The Law of Effect
•
B.F. Skinner: The Role of Reinforcement and
Punishment
•
The Basic Principles of Operant
Conditioning
•
A Deeper Understanding of Operant
Conditioning
•
HOT SCIENCE Control of Learning: From the
Laboratory to the Classroom
Observational Learning
•
Observational Learning in Humans
•
HOT SCIENCE Even More Reasons to Sleep
•
Observational Learning in Animals
•
Neural Elements of Observational Learning
Implicit Learning
•
Habituation: A Simple Case of Implicit Learning
•
Cognitive Approaches to Implicit Learning
•
Implicit and Explicit Learning Use Distinct
Neural Pathways
•
WHERE DO YOU STAND? Learning Rewards
for Its own Sake?
Chapter objectives
Operant Conditioning
10.
Define operant conditioning and distinguish
between a classically conditioned response and
an operant response.
11.
Describe Thorndike’s puzzle box and state the
Law of Effect.
12.
Discuss the methodological and theoretical
contributions of B. F. Skinner to the study of
reinforcement and punishment, including how
reinforcement can produce superstitious
behavior.
13.
Define and give an example of positive
reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive
punishment, and negative punishment.
14.
Describe types of primary and secondary
reinforcers and punishers; also distinguish
between extrinsic and intrinsic reinforcers, and
describe the overjustification effect.
15.
Discuss the role of context in operant
conditioning by describing the three-term
contingency and noting the roles of
discrimination and generalization in the stimulus
control of behavior.
16.
Describe how an operant response is
extinguished and contrast operant extinction
with extinction of a classically conditioned
response.
17.
Explain how schedules of reinforcement affect
learning; include examples of fixed interval,
fixed ratio, variable interval, and variable ratio
schedules.
18.
Explain how the shaping of successive
approximations to a desired behavior can
eventually produce that behavior.
19.
Identify the cognitive elements of operant
conditioning, especially the concepts of latent
learning and cognitive maps identified by
Edward Chace Tolman.
20.
Identify the neural elements of operant
conditioning, with a focus on the involvement of
structures in the “pleasure center” of the brain.
21.
Identify the evolutionary elements of operant
conditioning, especially the “misbehavior” of
organisms that was first identified by Marion and
Kellar Breland.
page 2
Chapter 7: Learning
Study Plan: Session 3
1. Read the outline for the chapter. Survey the topics for your chapter. This can be found on my
website or the table of contents.
2. Read chapter objectives as shown below. The chapter objectives can also be found on the
publisher’s website.
3. Read the corresponding section(s).
4. Make a detailed outline of the section you just read.
5. Answer the objectives for the section shown below. Answer with as much detail as possible.
Describe examples of the psychological concepts.
6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the publisher’s website.
Chapter outline
Learning
Classical Conditioning
•
The Development of Classical Conditioning:
Pavlov’s Experiments
•
The Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning
•
THE REAL WORLD Understanding Drug
Overdoses
•
Conditioned Emotional Reponses: The Case of
Little Albert
•
A Deeper Understanding of Classical
Conditioning
•
CULTURE AND COMMUNITY Is it Possible that
Humans have an Innate Ability to Understand
Geometry?
Operant Conditioning
•
The Development of Operant Conditioning: The
Law of Effect
•
B.F. Skinner: The Role of Reinforcement and
Punishment
•
The Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning
•
A Deeper Understanding of Operant
Conditioning
•
HOT SCIENCE Control of Learning: From the
Laboratory to the Classroom
Observational Learning
•
Observational Learning in Humans
•
HOT SCIENCE Even More Reasons to Sleep
•
Observational Learning in Animals
•
Neural Elements of Observational Learning
Implicit Learning
•
Habituation: A Simple Case of Implicit Learning
•
Cognitive Approaches to Implicit Learning
•
Implicit and Explicit Learning Use Distinct
Neural Pathways
•
WHERE DO YOU STAND? Learning Rewards
for Its own Sake?
Chapter objectives
Observational Learning
22.
Explain how observational
learning can occur in humans,
noting especially Bandura’s
research on learning aggressive
responses, and how
observational learning can
spread via a diffusion chain.
23.
Describe several studies
demonstrating observational
learning in animals.
24.
Identify the neural elements of
observational learning, with a
focus on mirror neurons.
page 3
Chapter 7: Learning
Study Plan: Session 4
1. Read the outline for the chapter. Survey the topics for your chapter. This can be found on my
website or the table of contents.
2. Read chapter objectives as shown below. The chapter objectives can also be found on the
publisher’s website.
3. Read the corresponding section(s).
4. Make a detailed outline of the section you just read.
5. Answer the objectives for the section shown below. Answer with as much detail as possible.
Describe examples of the psychological concepts.
6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the publisher’s website.
Chapter outline
Chapter objectives
Learning
Implicit Learning
25.
Define implicit learning and
describe a simple form of implicit
learning, habituation.
26.
Describe how cognitive and
neural approaches to the study
of implicit learning have yielded
characteristics of implicit
learning that distinguish it from
explicit learning.
Classical Conditioning
•
The Development of Classical Conditioning:
Pavlov’s Experiments
•
The Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning
•
THE REAL WORLD Understanding Drug
Overdoses
•
Conditioned Emotional Reponses: The Case of
Little Albert
•
A Deeper Understanding of Classical
Conditioning
•
CULTURE AND COMMUNITY Is it Possible
that Humans have an Innate Ability to
Understand Geometry?
Operant Conditioning
•
The Development of Operant Conditioning: The
Law of Effect
•
B.F. Skinner: The Role of Reinforcement and
Punishment
•
The Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning
•
A Deeper Understanding of Operant
Conditioning
•
HOT SCIENCE Control of Learning: From the
Laboratory to the Classroom
Observational Learning
•
Observational Learning in Humans
•
HOT SCIENCE Even More Reasons to Sleep
•
Observational Learning in Animals
•
Neural Elements of Observational Learning
Implicit Learning
•
Habituation: A Simple Case of Implicit
Learning
•
Cognitive Approaches to Implicit Learning
•
Implicit and Explicit Learning Use Distinct
Neural Pathways
•
WHERE DO YOU STAND? Learning Rewards
for Its own Sake?
page 4
Chapter 7: Learning
Study Plan: Session 5
After the entire chapter has been covered:
• Review all sections and objectives. Allocate more time where there are more exam
items (the number of exam items can be found on the website)
• Take the practice quizzes from the publisher’s website
• Spend about an hour reviewing the key concepts from previous chapters
Overall, you should have spent approximately 12 hours studying per chapter. If you are
sleep deprived or multi-tasking, you will spend more than 12 hours studying and
retaining less.
page 5