Download Study Guide (6.E.2.2)

Earth’s Forces: Layers, Plates, Mountains
Study Guide (6.E.2.2)
Name: ______________________________
Date: _______________ Core: _____
Vocabulary
Match the vocabulary word with its definition. Record the letter of your answer in the space provided.
_____ 1. Asthenosphere
A. one large piece of the lithosphere
_____ 2. Lithosphere
B. this is the geologic theory where the cooler surface of the earth
moves slowly over the hotter layer underneath
_____ 3. Plate Tectonics
C. this is the solid outermost layer of the Earth, including the crust and
upper-mantle
_____ 4. Tectonic Plate
D. this is the semisolid layer, with convection currents, over which the
lithosphere moves
_____ 5. Mid-Ocean Ridge
_____ 6. Rift Zone
_____ 7. Seafloor Spreading
_____ 8. Trench
_____ 9. Earthquake
_____ 10. Faulting
_____ 11. Ring of Fire
_____ 12. Seismic Wave
E. this is the steep-sided canyon in the bottom of the ocean
F. this occurs at mid-ocean ridges where new oceanic crust is formed and
then slowly moves away from the ridge
G. this is an area on Earth where the lithospheric plates are moving away
from each other, forming an extensive system of fractures and faults
H. this is an underwater mountain range, typically having a valley known
as a rift running along its axis, formed by plate boundaries
I. this is a wave that travels through the Earth or other elastic body, as
the result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other process that
exerts force on a body
J. this is the tectonic plate boundary in the Pacific Ocean where
volcanoes are very common
K. this is the geologic event that occurs when tectonic plates are
displaced violently
L. this occurs to bodies of rock when one body of rock moves relative to
Another
Multiple Choice
Select the best answers from the choices given, and record that answer in the space provided.
_____ 13. The illustration shows a current of magma in the mantle of Earth.
The flow of magma directly applies force to which of these crustal features?
A. mountain ranges
C. oceans
B. tectonic plates
D. glaciers
_____ 14. The formation of crustal plates is best described as a _____.
A. trend toward increased crust movement over time
B. series of events that happens quickly
C. continuing long-term process
D. process that has a predictable pattern
_____ 15. Which statement best describes why fossils of the same land-dwelling species have been discovered
in both South America and Africa?
A. These organisms migrated to these two continents.
B. These organisms were separated by the formation of new mountain ranges.
C. The organisms became extinct due to climate changes on these continents.
D. These organisms once lived on one large landmass that later split into two continents.
_____ 16. The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of
earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?
A. hot water
C. liquid metal
B. molten rock
D. solid iron
_____ 17. Below is a profile of sedimentary layers in a land area.
The fault shown in the center was most likely caused by ____.
A. tensional forces
C. erosional forces
B. dormant volcanoes
D. mechanical weathering
_____ 18. Where does the energy from an earthquake originate?
A. from a sudden increase in solar radiation striking Earth
B. from the Moon’s gravitational pull during a close orbit
C. from rocks under stress shifting deep inside Earth
D. from the weight of sediments pushing down on bedrock
_____ 19. In what section of Earth do earthquakes happen?
A. crust
C. inner core
B. mantle
D. outer core
_____ 20. An oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate. Which of these landforms most likely results
from the interaction of these plates?
A. volcanic mountains
C. continental shelves
B. transform boundaries
D. normal faults
_____ 21. India was once its own continent. According to the theory of continental drift, India has collided
with and become part of the continent of Asia. This caused ____.
A. glaciers in the area to melt
B. large mountain ranges to form
C. deep mid-ocean trenches to develop
D. deserts in the area to become fertile
_____ 22. Which will likely cause an earthquake?
A. plates slipping along a fault
B. a hurricane hitting a shoreline
C. water weathering rocks on the ocean floor
D. tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon
_____ 23. Mount St. Helens was a cone-shaped mountain that formed when molten material reached the
surface of earth and formed layers. Cone-shaped mountains form as a result of which one of these events?
A. hurricanes
C. volcanic eruptions
B. earthquakes
D. sediment depositions
______24. Mountains are most likely formed ____.
C. when land sinks
A. when glaciers melt
B. from earthquakes
D. along tectonic plates
_____ 25. Which geologic feature is evidence that the North American plate once collided with the Eurasian
and African plates?
C. the Mississippi River
A. the Appalachian Mountains
B. the Mohave Desert
D. the Great Lakes
_____ 26. As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these
landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?
A. normal faults
C. U-shaped valleys
B. mountain ranges
D. shield volcanoes
_____ 27. Which statement does not describe how a mountain can form?
A. Layers of rock fold and lift up when Earth’s crust moves.
B. Volcanic eruptions deposit molten rock on Earth’s surface.
C. A glacier moving down a valley deposits debris on earth’s surface.
D. The block of rock from one side of a fault is pushed up when two plates collide.
_____ 28. Between 40 and 50 million years ago, the landmass on the Indian plate collided with the landmass
on the Eurasian plate. What formed when these landmasses collided?
A. the Grand Canyon
C. the Himalayan Mountains
B. the Great Plains
D. the Mariana Trench
Labeling
Label the layers of the earth. A word bank is provided.
29. ______________________
30. ______________________
31. ______________________
32. ______________________
Word Bank:
Crust
Inner Core
Mantle
Outer Core
Label the plate boundaries shown below. A word bank is provided.
Convergent
33. ______________________
Word Bank:
Divergent
34. _______________________
Transform
35. _______________________
Categorize
Classify which type of mountain each is.
Folded Mountains
36. _______________________
37. _______________________
Fault-block Mountains
38. ________________________
39. ________________________
Volcanic Mountains
40. _______________________
41. _______________________
Upwarped Mountains
42. ________________________
Mountains:
Airdondack
Appalachian
Himalayan
Mt. Fuji
Mt. St. Helens
Sierra Nevada
Teton Range