Download Fall 2013 Exam Review Review Which statement best describes

1. Which statement best describes how hormones work in the body?
a. They are produced by cells in the circulatory system in response to stress.
b. They cause faster, shorter-acting responses than nerve impulses.
c. They are primarily associated with long-term changes like development.
d. They interact only with cells that recognize their chemical structure.
2. The pigment melanin in the skin functions to
a. keep water within the skin.
b. produce new living cells in the epidermis.
c. help protect the skin from sunburn.
d. surround and protect hair follicles.
3. What is the purpose of the circulatory system?
a. to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove their wastes
b. to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
c. to support the body and protect internal organs
d. to produce blood cells
4. Arteries, veins, and capillaries are part of the
a. respiratory system.
b. urinary system.
c. circulatory system.
d. digestive system.
5. What structure directs the activities of a cell?
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. cartilage
d. cell membrane
6. In humans, the fight-or-flight response is a response to potentially dangerous situations. What body system
controls this response?
a. reproductive system
b. muscular system
c. nervous system
d. immune system
7. Which of the following is a function of the muscular system?
a. Helps the body move
b. Aids in digestion
c. Acts as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body
d. All of the above
8. What is the function of a cell membrane?
a. to protect and support the cell
b. to perform different functions in each cell
c. to control what enters and leaves the cell
d. to form a hard outer covering for the cell
9. Where on the body would you find a hinge joint?
a. Elbow and knee
b. Shoulder and hips
c. Ankle and wrist
d. Neck and waist
10. What organ system works with the muscular system to cause the body to move?
a. nervous system
b. digestive system
c. circulatory system
d. skeletal system
11. Cells are organized into
a. organ.
b. organ systems.
c. tissue.
d. organisms.
12. Work equals force times
a. energy
b. velocity
c. distance
d. matter
Use the picture above to answer the next two questions.
13. What is the main function of the body parts shown in the picture?
a. support the body
b. fight disease
c. move the body
d. transport food
14. What organ system works with the body parts shown in the picture to cause the body to move?
a. nervous system
b. digestive system
c. circulatory system
d. muscular system
15. Each bone has a particular job. What is the job of the skull?
a. Pumps blood to the brain
b. Tells the brain what to do
c. Helps the body to make decisions
d. Protects the brain
16. The function of white blood cells is to
a. carry carbon dioxide.
b. increase blood pressure.
c. carry waste away from body cells.
d. fight disease.
17. A __________ is a place where two or more bones meet.
a. Joint
b. Tissue
c. Muscles
d. Tendons
18. A scientist finds an unusual object in a rainforest. She takes it to her lab to be examined. How can she decide
whether or not the object is alive?
a. If the object contains a green pigment, it is alive.
b. If the object contains water, it is alive.
c. If the object is made of cells, it is alive.
d. If the object moves, it is alive.
19. The bones of the skeleton store minerals such as phosphorus and
a. sodium.
b. calcium.
c. iron.
d. potassium.
20. What word could you use to describe cytoplasm?
a. solid
b. liquid
c. gas
d. gel-like
21. Like organisms, all cells —
a. have cell walls
b. have hearts
c. need food
d. need sunlight
22. Plant cells are different from animal cells because plant cells have —
a. cell walls
b. cytoplasm
c. nuclei
d. vacuoles
23. This cell comes from —
a. an animal
b. a bacterium
c. a remote
d. a plant
24. Which cell part has the same function as the storage closet in the science room?
a. cell membrane
b. cell wall
c. vacuole
d. nucleus
25. What types of food do plants produce?
a. Fructose
b. Glucose
c. Sucrose
d. Iodine
26. What plant structure is responsible for converting sunlight into chemical energy?
a. Leaves
b. Chlorophyll
c. Chloroplasts
d. Cuticle
27. What is the function of a cell wall?
a. To protect and support the cell
b. To perform different functions in each cell
c. To prevent water from passing through it
d. To prevent oxygen from entering the cell
28. A plant cell wall is made of a tough, strong, and rigid material. How is this material well suited for the cell wall’s
function?
a. A tough cell wall keeps harmful substances out of the cell.
b. A cell wall removes wastes from a cell. A strong material will not tear when these wastes are removed.
c. The rigid strong material of a cell wall allows it to provide protection and support to the cell.
d. A cell wall prevents infection. Having a rigid wall keeps out invading pathogens.
29. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
a. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
b. All cells are produced from other cells.
c. Cells have existed for thousands of years.
d. All living things are composed of cells.
30. What is the unit or measure for work?
a. Joule
b. Kilogram
c. Meter
d. None of these
31. You are heating a liquid in an open test tube. As you heat the liquid, you should make sure the test tube is
pointed —
a. toward your eyes, so you can see inside it
b. away from you and other nearby people
c. toward an open window
d. toward a sink
32. Your science class is going outdoors to collect leaf specimens. Which of the following is the most important
safety rule to follow?
a. Bring your textbook.
b. Wear safety goggles.
c. Follow your teacher's instructions.
d. Wear a lab apron.
33. What substance in the mouth contains an enzyme that begins chemical digestion?
a. fiber
b. mucus
c. pepsin
d. saliva
34. Which system in your body tells you when you’ve stubbed your toe?
a. Nervous system
b. Circulatory system
c. Digestive system
d. Respiratory system
35. The endocrine system
a. does not begin to function until after puberty.
b. controls many body activities through a system of nerves.
c. produces chemicals that travel to selected locations through tiny tubes.
d. controls the body's daily activities and long-term changes.
36. The endocrine system acts on the body through chemical products called
a. Hormones
b. Blood and saliva
c. Sugars
d. Target cells
37. A change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react is called a(n)
a. Stimulus
b. Reaction
c. Impulse
d. Response
38. A force is
a. Always unbalanced
b. Always gravity
c. Always balanced
d. Any push or pull on an object
39. This object is called a
a. Force Balancer
b. Spring Scale
c. Spring Balance
d. Fish Weight
40. Which organelles remove waste from the body similar to the lungs, excretory system, and digestive system?
a. nucleus and ribosomes
b. vacuole and cell membrane
c. Smooth ER and Rough ER
d. Cytoplasm and mitochondria
41. Homeostasis refers to
a. an organism’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions
b. an organism’s ability to compete for living space
c. an organism’s ability to dissolve chemicals
d. an organism’s ability to obtain energy
42. Lifting a feather up a distance of 1 meter is work.
a. True
b. False
c. It depends
d. None of these
43. Do you do any work if you hold a 100-pound barbell over your head for three hours?
a. Yes
b. Probably
c. No
d. I don’t know
44. Put the level of organization in order from smallest to largest.
a. Organ system, organ tissues, and cells
b. Cells, organs, tissues, and organ systems
c. Organs, tissues, cells, and organ systems
d. Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
45. What chemical digestion action occurs in the mouth?
a. Teeth break food down into smaller pieces.
b. Bile from the liver breaks down fats.
c. Sugars are changed into glucose.
d. Enzymes break down starches into sugars.
46. The muscular structure of the stomach enables it to
a. absorb a large amount of nutrients.
b. produce pepsin.
c. churn and mix food with digestive juice.
d. kill bacteria.
47. During the final part of the digestive process water is absorbed in the ________________?
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. small intestine
d. large intestine
48. Which of these is NOT a function of the circulatory system?
a. attacking disease-causing microorganisms
b. carrying oxygen, glucose, and other needed materials to cells
c. carrying waste products away from cells
d. controlling many body processes by means of chemicals
49. The role of the respiratory system is to bring what substance into the body?
a. Water
b. Oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Red blood cells
50. Which two systems directly work with the muscular system to bend the knee?
a. digestive and respiratory
b. nervous and skeletal
c. skeletal and respiratory
d. immune and circulatory
51. In order to do work on an object, the force you exert must be
a. the maximum amount of force you are able to exert.
b. in the same direction as the object’s motion
c. in a direction opposite to Earth’s gravitational force.
d. quick and deliberate.
52. If you exert a force of 20 Newtons to push a desk 10 meters, how much work do you do on the desk?
a. 2 joules
b. 30 joules
c. 100 joules
d. 200 joules
53. When a person’s body needs food, the brain helps maintain homeostasis by sending signals that make the
person
a. Feel hungry.
b. Perspire
c. Put on a sweater.
d. Feel tired.
54. Which organ breaks down food chemically and then absorbs the nutrients?
a. stomach
b. liver
c. small intestine
d. large intestine
55. What body tissue receives and sends signals throughout the body?
a. muscles
b. blood
c. bones
d. nerves
56. The bones that form the backbone are called
a. vertebrae.
b. metatarsals.
c. tibia.
d. carpals.
57. What is the function of the body system shown in the picture?
a. breaks food into chemicals that the body can use
b. removes wastes from the blood
c. sends chemical signals throughout the body
d. moves blood to all body tissues
58. What is one way that your body maintains its internal environment on a hot day?
a. Your muscles contract to cause shivering.
b. Your temperature decreases to prevent you from overheating.
c. Your brain sends a signal that results in your feeling hungry.
d. Your body produces more sweat.
59. The process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external
environment is called
a. growth
b. digestion
c. homeostasis
d. respiration
60. The presence of a harmful material in the stomach will most likely cause
a. the absorption of water in the stomach.
b. vomiting.
c. the absorption of food in the small intestine.
d. the stomach to stop churning.
61. Body systems in humans include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that increase in complexity from one
level to another. Which choice shows body parts arranged in decreasing order of complexity?
a. neuron, nerve, brain, nervous system
b. nervous system, brain, nerve, neuron
c. neuron, brain, nerve, nervous system
d. nervous system, neuron, nerve, brain
62. What role do the body parts in the diagram play in providing cells with food?
a. The digestive system breaks down food into a simpler form that cells can use.
b. The digestive system carries food that is eaten directly to the body cells.
c. The digestive system carries wastes away from cells.
d. The digestive system releases the energy in food for use by cells.
63. Your teacher hands out a copy of a laboratory experiment. What is the first thing you should do to conduct the
experiment safely?
a. Obtain and open any materials described in the experiment.
b. Begin heating any materials that will need to be hot.
c. Mix your materials with those of another group to save time.
d. Read every step of the procedure to make sure you understand it.
64. Look at the diagram of a body system. What role does this body system play in providing cells with the oxygen
they need to carry out respiration?
a. The diagram shows the nervous system, which signals the lungs when oxygen is needed by cells.
b. The diagram shows the digestive system, which produces oxygen for the body cells.
c. The diagram shows the muscular system, which moves oxygen to the cells.
d. The diagram shows the circulatory system, which transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the
body.
65. Which of these is an example of work being done on an object?
a. holding a heavy piece of wood at a construction site
b. pushing against a boulder that doesn't budge
c. pushing a child on a swing that swings away from you
d. holding a door shut on a windy day so it doesn't blow open
66. What happens to cause air to be exhaled from the lungs?
a. The rib muscles contract.
b. The chest cavity expands.
c. The diaphragm moves upward.
d. The lungs expand.
67. A ramp is an example of a simple machine called a(n)
a. inclined plane.
b. wedge.
c. lever.
d. pulley.
68. Cells without a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane systems in the cytoplasm are ____ cells.
a. prokaryotic
b. eukaryotic
c. fungal
d. protest
69. Henry wants to test the effects of different antibacterial soaps on the growth of bacteria. Which of the
following should be the variable in his experiment?
a. the type of bacteria
b. the jars in which he places the bacteria and soap
c. the type of soap
d. the amount of soap
70. Which organ system of the human body is responsible for cleaning blood and removing liquid waste?
a. muscular system
b. reproductive system
c. digestive system
d. excretory system
71. Which of the following is a stimulus?
a. The reaction you have when a car goes speeding by
b. A change in your environment that causes you to react
c. An automatic behavior that you cannot control
d. The environment around you at a given moment
72. Which of these is a response to an internal stimulus?
a. A fever during an infection
b. A cat hissing at a dog
c. A dog panting on a hot day
d. A cow blinking in bright sunlight
73. Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. What are the main elements in many organic
compounds?
a. Helium, carbon, sodium
b. Sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen
c. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
d. Radon, oxygen, helium
74. Plants use energy from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce sugar. Which structure is found only in
plant cells and helps plants capture energy from sunlight?
a. Vacuole
b. Nucleus
c. Chloroplast
d. Cell membrane
75. Henry wants to test the effects of different antibacterial soaps on the growth of bacteria. Which of the
following should be the variable in his experiment?
a. the type of bacteria
b. the jars in which he places the bacteria and soap
c. the type of soap
d. the amount of soap