Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Beginnings of the Global Age World History Motivation for Exploring the Seas ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Europeans had traded with Asia for years. The Crusades had created overland trade routes in the 1200’s and the 1300’s that led to Europe. These were overland routes and were controlled by Arab and Italian traders. Other Europeans wanted new routes to Asia. Overland Trade Routes Before the Age of Exploration Many Europeans Feared the Sea Beyond What They Knew What were Europeans Looking for? ¾ ¾ ¾ Europeans were looking for luxury items, most importantly spices. Spices were used to preserve food, add flavor to meat, and make medicines and perfumes. The chief source of spices was the Moluccas, which the Europeans called the Spice Islands. Portugal Leads the Way ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Prince Henry the Navigator leads the way in exploring Africa and Asia. He looked to Africa in particular. He also looked for a sea route to Asia. He thought that Africa held the riches that the Muslim traders controlled. He also thought he could convert Africans to Catholicism. Henry Leads Explorers ¾ ¾ Henry gathers all the bests cartographers (map makers), scientists, and other experts in the city of Sagres. In Sagres, they redesign ships, prepare maps, and train captains and crews. Bartholomeu Dias rounds the Tip of Africa ¾ ¾ Bartholomeu Dias is a Portuguese explorer. He is the first person to round the tip of Africa. He calls it the Cape of Good Hope because it opened the way for a sea route to Asia. Vasco da Gama Reaches India ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Vasco da Gama sails all the way around Africa and reaches India. On the trip home, he lost half of his ships and men died of hunger, thirst, and scurvy. However, his trip was very profitable. He returned to Calicut, India and began a trading empire for Portugal. Columbus Sails WEST. ¾ ¾ ¾ Christopher Columbus is an Italian navigator who knew the world was round. He believed that a few weeks of sailing west would bring him to Asia. He drastically underestimated the size of the earth and had no idea there were two continents in his way. Columbus’s Voyage Begins ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Italy refuses to sponsor Columbus, but Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain finance his journey. They hope to gain wealth and prestige for Spain. Columbus sets off with just three small ships. Columbus reached the Caribbean and believed he was in Asia. He made four journeys in all to the New World. The Globe is Divided in Half ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Ferdinand and Isabella go to the pope and put dibs on their claims. The pope creates a Line of Demarcation that splits the world between Spain and Portugal. This was ratified in the Treaty of Tordesillas. Obviously, this could never be enforced. Spain had control of everything west of the line and Portugal had control over everything to the East. The Western Hemisphere is Named. ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Amerigo Vespucci is an Italian Sea Captain. He led a journey to Brazil. A map was made by a friend of his and the entire area was called America. Obviously, the name stuck. The islands Columbus explored became the West Indies. Europeans Search for a Direct Route to Asia ¾ ¾ Explorers search for a “Northwest Passage” that will connect the Atlantic and Pacific through North America. Vasco Nunez de Balboa went overland through Panama and reached the Pacific Ocean. He named it the South Sea. Magellan Circumnavigates the World ¾ ¾ Magellan sails around South America and reaches the South Sea, which he renames the Pacific Ocean. He goes through the Strait of Magellan to reach the Pacific. Magellan’s Voyage Continues ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Magellan believes he will reach the East Indies in Asia in three more weeks. He keeps going West. Four months later, they reach the Philippines, where Magellan is killed. Three years after setting out, one ship and 18 men reach Spain. They are the first to circumnavigate, or sail around, the world. New Technologies in Navigation The Portolan Map ¾ ¾ Portolan Maps are designed to be used with magnetic compasses. Lines radiated out from compass points and helped navigators to find their way to key ports. The Magnetic Compass ¾ ¾ ¾ The Chinese had used compasses for centuries. They are used regularly by Europeans beginning in the 1400’s. An iron needle is magnetized by a lodestone, and then the needle points to magnetic north. The Astrolabe ¾ ¾ ¾ An astrolabe is a tool that is used to determine a ships latitude. This helped explorers to navigate and chart effective courses. Navigators pointed it at a star or the sun and could determine latitude from there. The Caravel ¾ ¾ ¾ The Caravel was a new ship developed in the 1400’s. It was small and fast and could easily be maneuvered in shallow waters. It could also travel very long distances, making it perfect for the Age of Exploration.