Download Body Systems

Body Systems
Nervous System Organs
Brain
• Interprets and translates
information from nerve impulses
Three Parts of the Brain:
1. Cerebrum – main part of the
brain; controls thinking, hearing,
etc.
2. Cerebellum – At back of the
head; controls muscles and
balance
3. Medulla – Connects brain to
spinal cord; controls involuntary
actions such as breathing
Nervous System Organs
Spinal Cord
• Messages are sent to the brain
through the spinal cord
• Exception are reflexes that skip
the spinal cord and go straight to
the brain
Nerves
• Carry messages throughout the
body
Nervous System Functions
• First messenger system
• Sends messages as electrical impulses
Nervous System (Central and Peripheral)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Brain and Spinal Cord
• Regulates VITAL functions
• Heart rate
• Breathing
• Hormone Release
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• Carries information toward the
central nervous system
• Sends impulses away from CNS
Circulatory System Organs
Heart
• Pumps Blood
Blood
• RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma
• Hemoglobin – iron rich protein that
carries oxygen
Blood Vessels
• Arteries – carry oxygen RICH blood
AWAY from the heart
• Veins – carry oxygen POOR blood
INTO the heart
• Capillaries – connect arteries and
veins
Circulatory System Function
Transport system
•Arteries:
• Moves oxygen to the cells
•Veins:
• Carries carbon dioxide away
from the cells
Digestive System Organs
Mouth
• The enzyme AMYLASE breaks down
carbohydrates into simple sugars
Esophagus – muscular tube
Stomach
• PEPSIN is an enzyme that breaks
down proteins
• Digested food is called chime
Small Intestine
• Chime is absorbed into the
bloodstream
Large Intestine
• Removes water from chime
Rectum
• Solid food travels out of the body
Digestive System Functions
• Chemically and
physically breaks
down food
• Converts food into
essential nutrients
that are absorbed
into the
bloodstream
• Nutrients are
absorbed in small
intestine
Respiratory System Organs
• Nose
• Trachea – “Windpipe”
• Larynx - Voice box
• Lungs
• Aveoli
• Site of gas exchange (inflatable sacs)
• Bronchi
• Two large passageways leading to lungs
• Diaphragm
• The muscle under the lungs.
• It contracts and relaxes to move gases in and out of
lungs
Respiratory System Functions
Respire = to breathe
• Gas exchange
• Delivering oxygen to the
body (inhale) and
removing carbon dioxide
from the body (exhale)
•Gases are carried within
the blood (Circulatory
System)
Endocrine System Organs
Pituitary gland
• Produces growth hormones
Thyroid gland
• produces hormone thyroxin to regulate metabolism
Adrenal gland
• Produces adrenaline for fight or flight
Testes
• Produces testosterone used in sperm production and
male traits
Ovaries
• Produces estrogen used in egg production and female
traits
Pancreas
• Produces insulin to regulate sugar in bloodstream
Endocrine System Functions
• Glands release hormones
into the bloodstream to
control body functions
• Second messenger system
of the body (SLOW)
Integumentary Organs
• Organs
• Skin – largest organ
• Sweat glands
• Nails
• Hair
Integumentary Function
Function:
• Acts as a barrier between you and the outside world.
• Regulates body temperature and removes wastes
through sweat
Skeletal System Organs
Bones
Joints
• Connect bone to bone by
ligaments
• Ligaments are tough
bands of tissue that hold
bones together
Tendons
• Connect bone to muscle
Skeletal System Functions
• Bones are the framework
for the body providing its
shape
• Protection for internal
organs
• Blood cell production
• Made in red bone
marrow
• Stores calcium and
phosphorous
Muscular System Organs
Skeletal muscle
• Attached to the bone
by tendons
Smooth muscle
• Stomach, Intestine,
Uterus
Cardiac muscle
• Only in the heart
Muscular System Functions
• Enable the body to move
• Voluntary muscles
• Muscles you can control
• Arms, legs, hands, and face
• Involuntary muscles
• Muscles you can’t control
• They move automatically
• Cardiac muscles, stomach,
intestines
Immune/Lymphatic Organs
White Blood Cells (WBC)
Spleen
• Filter blood
Lymph Nodes
• Filter lymph from dead cells, antigens
before returning it to the blood stream
Thymus
• Near heart
• Where T cells learn their jobs
Lymph
• Fluid that leaked out of cells
Lymphatic Vessels
• Collect lymph and return it to the
bloodstream
Bone Marrow
• B cell production
Immune/Lymphatic Functions
• Fight off diseases caused by pathogens
• First Line of Defense
• Skin
• Saliva in mouth
• Hair and mucus in breathing passages
• Stomach acid – traps and kills most
pathogens
• Second Line of Defense (Widespread)
• Inflammatory response
• WBC fighting infection (antigens)
• Third Line of Defense (Specific)
• Immune response
• WBC, T cells, and lymphocytes recognize a virus and
activate B-Cells
Reproductive Organs
Male:
• Penis
• Places sperm inside the
female body
• Testis
• Produces sperm = male
gamete
• Produces testosterone
Female:
• Ovary
• produces eggs = female gamete
• Produces estrogen
• Utereus
• Holds the embryo, fetus, baby
• Fallopian Tubes
• Catches the egg from the ovary and
transports it to the uterus
• Vagina
• Allow entry of sperm and exit of baby
at birth
Reproductive Functions
• To ensure the survival of
the species
• To reproduce gametes =
sex cells
• To nurture the
developing offspring
Excretory System Organs
Organs
Kidneys
• Filters waste from blood
Ureters
• Tubes that lead from each
kidney to bladder
Bladder
• Muscular organ that holds
urine
Urethra
• Tube that carries urine from
the bladder out of the body
Excretory System Function
Excrete = to get rid of = REMOVE
Maintains homeostasis by:
• Cleansing blood of LIQUID
wastes such as urine and
sweat
• Controls blood volume by
removing extra fluid