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Body Systems Notes
Organ system
Nervous System
Major organs
Organs
Function
Functions
Brain:
 ___________________________ 
information from
___________________________ 
3 Parts of the Brain:
1. _____________________ main part of the brain;
controls thinking and the 5
senses, etc.
2. ______________________ At back of the head; controls
muscles and balance
3. ______________________ Connects brain to spinal
cord; controls involuntary
actions such as breathing,
heartbeat, etc.
Spinal cord:
 ___________________ are sent
to the brain ________________
__________________________

__________________________
that skip the spinal cord and go
straight to the brain
________________ messenger system
Sends messages as _________________
_________________________________
Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Brain and Spinal Cord
• _________________________ functions
• Heart rate
• Breathing
• Hormone Release
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• _____________________________ the
central nervous system
• ______________________________
from CNS
Nerves:

________________________
throughout the body
Circulatory System
Organs
Heart:
Blood: RBCs, WBCs, platelets (aid in
blood clotting), plasma.
o Hemoglobin –
o
Blood vessels:
o Arteries:
o
Veins:
o
Capillaries:
Functions
Transport system
1. ___________________: Moves
oxygen and nutrients to the cells
2. ____________________: Carries
carbon dioxide and other wastes
away from the cells
Digestive System
Organs
Mouth
• The enzyme ______________
breaks down carbohydrates
into simple sugars
Esophagus – muscular tube
Stomach
• _________________is an
enzyme that breaks down
proteins
• Digested food is called
________________________
Small Intestine
• Chime is _______________
into the bloodstream
Large Intestine
• ________________________
from chime
Rectum
• Solid food travels out of the
body
•
Functions
Chemically and physically ____________
_________________________________
•
_____________________________ into
essential nutrients that are absorbed
into the bloodstream
•
Nutrients are ______________________
_________________________________
Anus
Respiratory System
Organs
Nose
Trachea - ___________________
Functions
Respire = to breathe

_____________________________:
Delivering oxygen to the body
(inhale) and removing carbon
dioxide from the body (exhale)

Gases are carried within the blood
(____________________________)
Larynx - ____________________
Lungs
Aveoli - Site of _______________
_________________ (inflatable
sacs)
Bronchi - Two large ___________
___________________________
Diaphragm – The _____________
under the lungs. It contracts and
relaxes to ___________________
in and out of lungs
Endocrine System
o
o
o
o
o
o
Integumentary System
Organs
Pituitary gland – ____________
___________________________
Thyroid gland – _____________
hormone _________________
to regulate metabolism.
Adrenal (kidney) – ___________
___________________ in
response to physical or
emotional stress. Flight or fight.
Testes (in males) – ___________
_______________________used
in sperm production and male
traits
Ovaries (in females) – ________
______________________ used
in egg production and female
traits
Pancreas – ________________
________________________ to
regulate sugar in bloodstream.
Functions
•
_______________release
______________into the bloodstream
to _________________body functions
such growth, reproduction, and
metabolism.

_________________________________
of the body. (Hormones are SLOW)

Regulates and coordinates the body
functions by means of chemical
messengers called hormones that are
released into blood (circulatory system).
Organs
Skin – ________________________
Functions
Integument = a covering
Sweat glands

___________________________ –
protects from injury, infection, and UV
rays (thermal damage). Protects body’s
internal tissues and organs.

___________________body
temperature through sweat (heat
regulation) and ____________________
wastes through perspiration (sweat)

Prevents loss of body fluids
(dehydration)
Nails
Hair
Skeletal System
Organs
Bones
Joints:
 Connect _________________ by
ligaments.
 _____________________ are
tough bands of tissue that hold
bones together
Tendons
 Connect ___________________
__________________________




Functions
Bones are the _____________________
for the body providing its shape
______________________ for internal
organs
Blood cell production
o Made in ___________________
__________________________
Stores _______________________ and
_________________________________
Muscular System
Organs
Skeletal – ___________________
_______________________(thick
bends of tissue that pull on the
bone when muscle contracts).
Smooth - ___________________
___________________________
Cardiac - ____________________
Immune/Lymphatic System

Voluntary muscles
o __________________________
__________________________
o Arms, legs, hands, and face
Involuntary muscles
o __________________________
__________________________
o They move automatically
o Cardiac muscles, stomach,
intestines
Organs
Functions
•
Fight off diseases caused by
pathogens
•
First Line of Defense
• Skin
• Saliva in mouth
• Hair and mucus in breathing
passages
• __________________ – traps
and kills most pathogens
WBCs
Spleen – ____________________
Lymph nodes – ______________
______________ from dead cells,
antigens before returning it to
the blood stream
Thymus – near heart – where ___
___________________________ •
____________________ (mature)
Lymph – fluid that ____________
____________ of blood –
between cells
Lymphatic vessels – __________ •
lymph and _________________ it
to bloodstream
Bone marrow – ______________
___________________________
Functions
Enable the body to move
Second Line of Defense
(Widespread)
• ________________________
________________________
• WBC fighting infection
(antigens)
Third Line of Defense (Specific)
• ________________________
________________________
• WBC, T cells, and
lymphocytes
recognize a virus and
activate B-Cells
Reproductive
FEMALE
Organs
Female:
Ovary – produces egg (ova) =
___________________________
and hormones estrogen and
progesterone.
Uterus – site of implantation;
____________________ the
embryo, fetus, baby



Function
To ___________________________ the
_________________________ the
_____________________________
To __________________________ = sex
cells
To _________________________ the
developing offspring
MALE
Fallopian tubes – _____________
the egg from the ovary and
________________________ it to
the uterus. Site of fertilization.
Vagina – allows ____________ of
sperm and _____________ of
baby at birth.
Male:
Penis – places sperm inside the
female body
Testis – produces sperm = _____
____________________;
produces hormone
_________________________.
Excretory System
Organs
Functions
Kidneys: __________________ from
blood
Excrete = to get rid of = REMOVE
Maintains ________________________ by:
Ureters – tubes that lead from each
__________________________
Bladder- muscular organ (sac) that
___________________ (liquid
waste)
Urethra – tube that _____________
_______________ from the bladder
out of the body


________________________ blood
of LIQUID wastes such as urine and
sweat.
______________________________
by removing extra fluid = water
produced by cells.