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Body Systems Notes Organ system Nervous System Major organs Organs Function Functions Brain: ___________________________ information from ___________________________ 3 Parts of the Brain: 1. _____________________ main part of the brain; controls thinking and the 5 senses, etc. 2. ______________________ At back of the head; controls muscles and balance 3. ______________________ Connects brain to spinal cord; controls involuntary actions such as breathing, heartbeat, etc. Spinal cord: ___________________ are sent to the brain ________________ __________________________ __________________________ that skip the spinal cord and go straight to the brain ________________ messenger system Sends messages as _________________ _________________________________ Central Nervous System (CNS) • Brain and Spinal Cord • _________________________ functions • Heart rate • Breathing • Hormone Release Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • _____________________________ the central nervous system • ______________________________ from CNS Nerves: ________________________ throughout the body Circulatory System Organs Heart: Blood: RBCs, WBCs, platelets (aid in blood clotting), plasma. o Hemoglobin – o Blood vessels: o Arteries: o Veins: o Capillaries: Functions Transport system 1. ___________________: Moves oxygen and nutrients to the cells 2. ____________________: Carries carbon dioxide and other wastes away from the cells Digestive System Organs Mouth • The enzyme ______________ breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars Esophagus – muscular tube Stomach • _________________is an enzyme that breaks down proteins • Digested food is called ________________________ Small Intestine • Chime is _______________ into the bloodstream Large Intestine • ________________________ from chime Rectum • Solid food travels out of the body • Functions Chemically and physically ____________ _________________________________ • _____________________________ into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the bloodstream • Nutrients are ______________________ _________________________________ Anus Respiratory System Organs Nose Trachea - ___________________ Functions Respire = to breathe _____________________________: Delivering oxygen to the body (inhale) and removing carbon dioxide from the body (exhale) Gases are carried within the blood (____________________________) Larynx - ____________________ Lungs Aveoli - Site of _______________ _________________ (inflatable sacs) Bronchi - Two large ___________ ___________________________ Diaphragm – The _____________ under the lungs. It contracts and relaxes to ___________________ in and out of lungs Endocrine System o o o o o o Integumentary System Organs Pituitary gland – ____________ ___________________________ Thyroid gland – _____________ hormone _________________ to regulate metabolism. Adrenal (kidney) – ___________ ___________________ in response to physical or emotional stress. Flight or fight. Testes (in males) – ___________ _______________________used in sperm production and male traits Ovaries (in females) – ________ ______________________ used in egg production and female traits Pancreas – ________________ ________________________ to regulate sugar in bloodstream. Functions • _______________release ______________into the bloodstream to _________________body functions such growth, reproduction, and metabolism. _________________________________ of the body. (Hormones are SLOW) Regulates and coordinates the body functions by means of chemical messengers called hormones that are released into blood (circulatory system). Organs Skin – ________________________ Functions Integument = a covering Sweat glands ___________________________ – protects from injury, infection, and UV rays (thermal damage). Protects body’s internal tissues and organs. ___________________body temperature through sweat (heat regulation) and ____________________ wastes through perspiration (sweat) Prevents loss of body fluids (dehydration) Nails Hair Skeletal System Organs Bones Joints: Connect _________________ by ligaments. _____________________ are tough bands of tissue that hold bones together Tendons Connect ___________________ __________________________ Functions Bones are the _____________________ for the body providing its shape ______________________ for internal organs Blood cell production o Made in ___________________ __________________________ Stores _______________________ and _________________________________ Muscular System Organs Skeletal – ___________________ _______________________(thick bends of tissue that pull on the bone when muscle contracts). Smooth - ___________________ ___________________________ Cardiac - ____________________ Immune/Lymphatic System Voluntary muscles o __________________________ __________________________ o Arms, legs, hands, and face Involuntary muscles o __________________________ __________________________ o They move automatically o Cardiac muscles, stomach, intestines Organs Functions • Fight off diseases caused by pathogens • First Line of Defense • Skin • Saliva in mouth • Hair and mucus in breathing passages • __________________ – traps and kills most pathogens WBCs Spleen – ____________________ Lymph nodes – ______________ ______________ from dead cells, antigens before returning it to the blood stream Thymus – near heart – where ___ ___________________________ • ____________________ (mature) Lymph – fluid that ____________ ____________ of blood – between cells Lymphatic vessels – __________ • lymph and _________________ it to bloodstream Bone marrow – ______________ ___________________________ Functions Enable the body to move Second Line of Defense (Widespread) • ________________________ ________________________ • WBC fighting infection (antigens) Third Line of Defense (Specific) • ________________________ ________________________ • WBC, T cells, and lymphocytes recognize a virus and activate B-Cells Reproductive FEMALE Organs Female: Ovary – produces egg (ova) = ___________________________ and hormones estrogen and progesterone. Uterus – site of implantation; ____________________ the embryo, fetus, baby Function To ___________________________ the _________________________ the _____________________________ To __________________________ = sex cells To _________________________ the developing offspring MALE Fallopian tubes – _____________ the egg from the ovary and ________________________ it to the uterus. Site of fertilization. Vagina – allows ____________ of sperm and _____________ of baby at birth. Male: Penis – places sperm inside the female body Testis – produces sperm = _____ ____________________; produces hormone _________________________. Excretory System Organs Functions Kidneys: __________________ from blood Excrete = to get rid of = REMOVE Maintains ________________________ by: Ureters – tubes that lead from each __________________________ Bladder- muscular organ (sac) that ___________________ (liquid waste) Urethra – tube that _____________ _______________ from the bladder out of the body ________________________ blood of LIQUID wastes such as urine and sweat. ______________________________ by removing extra fluid = water produced by cells.