Download P04 Body System Notes

What Makes a Body?
_______________- smallest living part of the body.
_______________- 2 or more similar cells
_______________- 2 or more similar tissues
_______________- 2 or more organs
Cells make ______________.
______________ make _____________.
______________ make _________________.
4 Main Types of Tissue:

___________________- covers and protects (skin).

___________________- sends electrical signals.

___________________- produced movement.

___________________- joins, supports, protects, insulates,
nourishes, and cushions organs.
Skeletal System:
Function:
_________________________________________________________
Components:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What’s In A Bone?
2 Types of Bone Tissue:

Compact Bone- _______________________
o Give bone _____________.
o Blood vessel here

Spongy Bone- ________________________
Bone Marrow

__________________- produces red blood cells

__________________- stores fat
Growing Bones!

Cartilage is located on the _______ of bones.

Cartilage helps _____________.
What’s the Point of a Joint?
______________- a place where 2 bones meet.
5 Types of Joint and Examples
Pivot
One bone
rotates
around
another.
Hinge
Back and
forth
movement
like a door
hinge.
One part of
bone slides
over another
bone.
Rounded end
fits into
cuplike space.
Wrist
Shoulder
Allows
movement
side to side
and
movement
similar to
hinge.
Thumb
Ligament vs. Tendon
Ligament is _____________ to _______________.
Tendon is ______________ to _______________.
Muscular System:
Function:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Know Where These Muscles are Located!!!!
1. Bicep
2. Tricep
3. Hamstrings
4. Quadriceps
5. Gastrocnemius
Muscles can be grouped into 2 categories:
1. _____________________- you can control.
2. _____________________- you cannot control.
3 Types of Muscle


Involuntary
Internal Organs

Muscle tissue
attached to bone

Heart only
Muscles Work In Pairs!

_______________- shortening

_______________- lengthening
Cardiovascular System:
Function:
_________________________________________________________
Components:
 _____________________

_____________________

_____________________
What is Blood?
RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC)


WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC)



o
o
o
**Platelets- help blood _____________

YOUR HEART!

4 Chambers

Upper Chambers- ________________

Lower Chambers- _________________

4 Valves prevent blood from flowing back
BLOOD VESSELS
Artery- blood ___________ from heart
o oxygen __________.
Vein- blood __________ heart.
o oxygen ___________.
Capillary- connects ____________ to _____________.
o Allows for oxygen exchange
UNDER PRESSURE

Force exerted on the walls of artery- _____________________
Pressure in artery
when ventricles
relax.
120
80
Pressure in artery
when ventricles
contract.
Respiratory System:
Function:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Components:
Throat. Branches in 2 passages (esophagus and larynx)
Larynx
Windpipe.
Two tubes that go to each lung. Each tube branches
into thousands of BRONCHIOLES.
Sponge-like material. Bronchioles have thousands of
tiny sacs called ALVEOLI.

Respiration- entire process by which a __________ obtains and uses
_____________ and gets rid of ______________________ and
______________.
Alveoli- tiny air sacs in lungs.
o Oxygen passes ___________ capillaries.
o Carbon Dioxide passes ___________ capillaries into alveoli.
Endocrine System:
Function:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Hormones- ________________________________________________
___________- group of cells/organs that secrete hormone.
Components:
Secretes hormones that affect other glands and organs.
“Master Gland”
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid
Gland
Helps body respond to stress/danger. Releases
adrenaline.
Regulates sugar (insulin) levels and digestive enzymes.
Thymus Gland
Nervous System:
Function:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Two Parts to the Nervous System
1. Central Nervous System
2. Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons- transfer messages.
Neurons are made of:
1. Cell Body
2. _______________- receive message from other neurons and send to
cell body.
3. _______________- carry messages away from cell body.
The BRAIN
3 Parts
1. Cerebrum
o
o
2. Cerebellum
o
o
3. Brain Stem
o
Digestive System:
Function:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Digestion- __________________________________________
o ____________________ Digestion- chewed, mixed, churned
o ____________________ Digestion- chemicals break down food
Enzymes- special substance breaks down food
Digestive Tract Organs
Accessory Organs
Mouth
Tongue
Stomach
Salivary Glands
Gallbladder
Rectum
Pancreas
Urinary System:
Function:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Components:
o
o
o
o