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Transcript
Acids and bases are substances that form ions when dissolved in water. Acids Reacts with metals and carbonates Conducts electricity Turns blue litmus paper red Tastes sour pH < 7 Neutralizes bases Bases Conducts electricity Turns red litmus paper blue Tastes bitter and feels slippery pH > 7 Neutralizes acids An acid dissolves in water to form hydrogen ions (H+) › Example: HCl (aq) H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) A base dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions (OH-) › Example: NaOH (aq) Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) There are two common groups of acids: › Binary Acids › Oxyacids Binary acids contain only two elements. Acid Name Chemical Formula Hydrofluoric acid HF (aq) Hydrochloric acid HCl (aq) Hydrobromic acid HBr (aq) Hydrosulfuric acid H2S (aq) Oxyacids are related to polyatomic ions Acid Name Chemical Formula Nitric acid HNO3 (aq) Carbonic acid H2CO3 (aq) Sulfuric acid H2SO4 (aq) Phosphoric acid H3PO4 (aq) Many bases are ionic compounds containing hydroxide or carbonate ions. Base Chemical Formula Sodium hydroxide NaOH (aq) Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 (aq) Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 (aq) Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 (aq) Acid-base indicators are substances that changes colour depending on whether it is in the presence of an acid or a base. Acid Bromothymol Blue (BTB) › Acid – yellow › Base - blue Base Acid Phenolphthalein › Acid – colourless › Base - pink Base Litmus paper › Acid – red Base › Base – blue Acid Cabbage juice