Download Midterm questions to know - Doral Academy Preparatory

Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
1. The ___________ cells are responsible for collecting impulses from photoreceptors & shuttling
them to the ganglion cells.
a. Bipolar
b. Retinal
c. Rod
d. Foveal
e. Cone
2. Anna developed an ear infection. The most likely place in the ear for this infection is in the
__________________.
a. Cochlea
b. Anvil
c. Stirrups
d. Auditory nerve
e. Auditory cortex
3. Susan developed an inner ear infection & her doctor told her to refrain from driving until it is
cured. The sense, aside from hearing, most affected by this infection would be the __________
sense.
a. Olfactory
b. Kinesthetic
c. Vestibular
d. Skin
e. Visual
4. You are walking through the perfume department in a store where Christmas carols are playing
when you have a sudden memory of your grandmother. The sense most associated with memory
is _____________.
a. Vision
b. Kinesthetic
c. Sound
d. Taste
e. Smell
5. You cannot stand the taste of brussel sprouts. You would most likely be classified as a
_________.
a. Supertaster
b. Nontaster
c. Sensitive taster
d. Extreme taster
e. Moderate taster
6. You go to a restaurant for dinner & the waiter gives you five choices of salad dressing. When
you choose the one you want for you salad you are using ____________ processing.
a. Choice
b. Decision
c. Top-down
d. Bottom-up
e. Cortical
7. You run into your psychology professor at a baseball game after you have completes his course.
You cannot remember why you know him. This illustrates the concept of __________.
a. Context effect
b. Functional fixedness
c. Perceptual set
d. Cultural influence
e. Memory
8. When we hear the melody in a song as opposed to the individual notes in the song, we are using
the Gestalt law of ________________.
a. Continuity
b. Pragnanz
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
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c. Proximity
d. Perceptual grouping
e. Similarity
If you hold your finger about twelve inches from your face & look at it first with your right eye
& then with your left eye, you will see it differently. This is due to the depth cue of
_________.
a. Convergence
b. Retinal disparity
c. Relative size
d. Proximity
e. Interposition
You read about a plane that crashed off the shore of the local beach. It was a hazy night &
there were no lights. One reason for the crash could be the perceptual cue of ___________.
a. Convergence
b. Atmospheric perspective
c. Retinal disparity
d. Relative size
e. Interposition
Sharon had trouble hearing the teacher so the school gave her a hearing test. Some of the
sounds presented were at such a low level of intensity that she could hardly hear them. These
sounds were below her ____________.
a. Absolute threshold
b. Hearing threshold
c. Difference threshold
d. Discriminative threshold
e. Adaptive threshold
In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain
a. Statistical probabilities
b. Somatic behavioral disorders
c. Perceptual organization
d. Stimulus- detection thresholds
e. Altered states of consciousness
The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to
a. Convert the incoming sound from pounds per square inch to decibels
b. Protect the cochlea
c. Regulate changes in the air pressure of the inner ear
d. Transfer sounds information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
e. Provide information to the vestibular system
The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the
a. Semicircular canal
b. Ossicle
c. Pinna
d. Cochlea
e. Oval window
Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT
a. Bitter
b. Sweet
c. Salty
d. Spicy
e. Sour
Climbing an irregular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears a patch over one
eye primarily because
a. Some depth perception is lost
b. Half of the visual field is missing
c. The ability to perceive interposition is lost
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
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d. The patch disrupts the functioning of the vestibular system
e. The patch alters the ability of the open eye to compensate
When struck by light energy, cones & rods in the retina generate neural signals that then
activate the
a. Parietal lobe
b. Ganglion cells
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ciliary muscle
e. Optic nerve fibers
When a pair of lights flashing in quick succession seems to an observer to be one light moving
from place to place, the effect is referred to as
a. Stroboscopic movement
b. The phi phenomenon
c. Autokinetic motion
d. Binocular vision
e. Induced displacement
The longer an individual is exposed to a strong odor, the less aware of the odor the individual
becomes. This phenomenon is known as sensory
a. Acuity
b. Adaptation
c. Awareness
d. Reception
e. Overload
The human vestibular sense is most closely associated with the
a. Skin
b. Semicircular canals
c. Taste buds
d. Olfactory bulb
e. Rods & cones
Which of the following is a possible reason why cats can see better at night than can humans?
a. Cats have a higher proportion of rods to cones
b. Cats’ pupils can contract to a smaller opening
c. Cats have a smaller blind spot
d. Cats have a larger optic nerve tract
e. The visual cortex of cats is located farther forward in the cortex
The psychological effects of alcohol are powerfully influenced by the user’s
a. Expectations
b. Success in developing a social network
c. Agility
d. Intelligence quotient (IQ)
e. Bain dopamine
Ch.5- States of Consciousness
23. Conscious inches which of the following states?
a. Sleeping
b. Hypnosis
c. Daydreaming
d. Reading
e. All of the above
24. As you re studying your text, you are probably not thinking about what you ate for dinner last
night. The memory of what you had for dinner last night is mostly likely located in your
___________.
a. Nonconscious
b. Preconscious
c. Hypnotic state
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
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d. Collective unconscious
e. Conscious
Stage __________ of sleep is characterized by EEG readings that indicate the presence of sleep
spindles & K-complexes.
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
e. REM
When _____________ is disrupted, jet lag occurs.
a. Stage 4 sleep
b. REM sleep
c. Circadian rhythms
d. Stage 1 sleep
e. K-complexes
Most dreaming occurs during the sleep stage of ____________.
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
e. REM
REM sleep is sometimes referred to as “paradoxical sleep” because ___________
a. People can speak very eloquently when in REM sleep
b. Night terrors are common
c. Muscles in the body remain relaxed while the brain & eyes remain active
d. Muscles in the body become rigid & the brain & eyes are in a very relaxed state
e. REM sleep is unnecessary for healthy daily functioning
John had a dream in which he imagined that he was sitting in his psychology class wearing only
his underwear. After discussing this dream with his best friend, John determined that this
dream represents his anxiety about not doing well in his psychology class. This aspect of John’s
dream is best explained by __________.
a. Manifest content
b. Latent content
c. Activation-synthesis theory
d. Information processing theory
e. Cataplexy
The sleep cycle is approximately __________________ long.
a. Sixty minutes
b. Thirty minutes
c. Eight hours
d. Ninety minutes
e. Twenty-four hours
Mary had stayed up all night cramming for her psychology test. The following day, she is tried
& irritable. What will Mary likely experience when she sleeps that night?
a. Night terrors
b. Somnambulism
c. Narcolepsy
d. REM rebound
e. Nightmares
Recent studies of hypnosis have indicated that hypnosis _________________.
a. Can increase pain tolerance
b. Can improve memory by at least 50 percent
c. Can make people do things they would never do in their every day lives.
d. Has no value to people lives
e. Is just as effective as medication for almost all physical illnesses
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
33. The ______________ theory of hypnosis states that hypnotic effects occur because people act
out desired roles.
a. Dissociation
b. Social
c. Behavioral
d. Divided consciousness
e. Information-processing
34. Larry starts drinking one beer every time he goes on a date because he says that it relaxes him.
Eventually, Larry needs more beer to achieve the same level of relaxation. Larry is
experiencing.
a. Withdrawal
b. Tolerance
c. Psychosis
d. Denial
e. The placebo effect
35. Alcohol is classified as a _________________.
a. Depressant
b. Stimulant
c. Hallucinogen
d. Antagonist
e. Agonist
36. How do psychoactive drugs affect perceptual processes & behavior?
a. They work via heightened suggestibility
b. They use the placebo effect
c. They alter neural activity in the brain
d. They work only on psychological processes
e. They work only on physical processes
37. All of the following are stimulants except
a. Heroin
b. Caffeine
c. Ecstasy/MDMA
d. Cocaine
e. Nicotine
38. Which of the following will NOT increase behavioral & mental activity?
a. Cocaine
b. Caffeine
c. Benzedrine
d. Amphetamines
e. Barbiturates
39. Hypnosis is best described as a state that
a. Gives the hypnotist complete control over the thoughts & emotions of the hypnotized
individual
b. Induces heightened suggestibility in the hypnotized individual
c. Is similar to an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
d. Is similar to the condition produced by excessive alcohol consumption
e. Is similar to the REM stage of sleep
40. Which of the following is a circadian rhythm?
a. The ebb & flow of an individual’s emotions during a 24- hour period
b. Jet lag experienced after an airline flight from Los Angeles to Tokyo
c. A cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours
d. The series of five stages that people go through during a normal night’s sleep
e. The systematic alternation between alpha waves & delta waves during the different
sleep stages
41. REM sleep, generally an “active” state of sleep, is accompanied by which of the following
paradoxical characteristics?
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
a. Slowed heart rate
b. Slowed respiration rate
c. Lowered blood pressure
d. Lowered muscle tone
e. Reduced eye movements
42. A student participants in a month long sleep study designed to examine free running circadian
rhythms. If all time cues are removed, the student’s total sleep wake cycle is likely to
a. Average about 25 hours
b. Average about 12 hours
c. Average whatever it had averaged when the student began the study
d. Become even more dependent than usual on the student’s activity level
e. Become extremely variable
43. A central nervous system depressant that produces a false feeling of well being & efficiency &
results in slower reaction time to stimulation is
a. Cocaine
b. Marijuana
c. Dopamine
d. Alcohol
e. Nicotine
Ch. 6-Learning
44. The story of Sabra overcoming her fear of flying & getting the job illustrates the concept of
____________________.
a. Good luck
b. Learning
c. Hard work
d. Skill
e. Talent
45. The type of learning in which association plays a major role is ____________________.
a. Classical conditioning
b. Instinctual learning
c. Operant conditioning
d. Social learning
e. Insight learning
46. When you learn to ignore the sounds of traffic on the busy street where you live, you are
exhibiting __________________.
a. Unlearning
b. Habituation
c. Conditioning
d. Instinct
e. Prompting
47. You were conditioned to smile when you hear Christmas carols. During the summer, this
response diminishes. However, in November when you hear these songs, you begin to smile
again. In classical conditioning, the return of this response is known as ______________.
a. Acquisition
b. Extinction
c. Reconditioning
d. Spontaneous recovery
e. Generalization
48. You were frightened by a yellow cat when you were a child. Now you get scared whenever you
see any cat. In classical conditioning, this response would be known as ____________.
a. Spontaneous recovery
b. Discrimination
c. Generalization
d. Insight
e. Extinction
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
49. Dr. Susie had a client who is exhibiting an undesirable conditioned fear. Susie decides to try a
therapeutic strategy called _______________ conditioning to extinguish the response.
a. Appetitive
b. Aversive
c. Reflex
d. Stimulus counter
50. Your psychology professor gives several schedules short quizzes & three schedules tests
throughout the semester. She is using a _______________ schedule of reinforcement.
a. Fixed interval
b. Variable ratio
c. Fixed ratio
d. Variable interval
e. Continuous
51. Stimuli that fulfill basic needs & act as a reinforcer are called ______________ reinforcers.
a. Secondary
b. Natural
c. Conditioned
d. Primary
e. Neutral
52. Punishment is designed to ________________ a behavior while negative reinforcement is
designed to __________________ a behavior.
a. Increase, decrease
b. Extinguish, repeat
c. Highlight, emphasize
d. Repeat, extinguish
e. Decrease, increase
53. The lights in your house went out & it was pitch dark in your house. You were able to navigate
to the kitchen because of a _________________ map.
a. Navigation
b. Cognitive
c. Memory
d. Representation
e. Environmental
54. You are in the grocery store waiting to check out. You son cries because he wants candy. When
you give in to his demands to make the tantrum stop, he has been __________.
a. Positively reinforced
b. Socially reinforced
c. Negatively reinforced
d. Positively punished
e. Classical conditioned
55. Your teacher says that if everyone stays quiet for the next thirty minutes, the class would have
no homework. This is an example of _____________.
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negatively reinforcement
c. Classical conditioning
d. Positive punishment
e. Negative punishment
56. Kohler’s study of chimpanzees suggest that they reorganize their perceptions, a mental process
he called __________ learning.
a. Operant
b. Latent
c. Classical
d. Insight
e. Perceptual
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
57. Jack learned how to shoot a free-throw by watching his older brother. Bandura called the
_____________ learning.
a. Insight
b. Latent
c. Imitational
d. Perceptual
e. Observational
58. The part of the brain most implicated in the development of cognitive maps is the
___________.
a. Thalamus
b. Hippocampus
c. Hypothalamus
d. limbic system
e. Cerebellum
59. Wolfgang Kohler considered a chimpanzee’s sudden solving of a problem evidence of
a. Instinct
b. Modeling
c. Learning set
d. Insight
e. Spontaneous recovery
60. An individual’s fear of dogs that is lost as the individual is exposed to dogs in nonthreatening
situations is referred to by behaviorist as a fear that has been
a. Satiated
b. Suppressed
c. Repressed
d. Extinguished
e. Punished
61. One major objection to the early Skinnerian approach to psychology is that it
a. Did not take into account internal thoughts & feelings
b. Did not take into account overt physical behavior
c. Did not take into account accumulated experiences
d. Focused primarily on childhood experiences
e. Focused primarily on the unconscious
62. Punishment is most effective in elimination undesired behavior when the
a. Behavior is complex
b. Behavior was very recently acquired
c. Punishment is delivered soon after the behavior
d. Punishment is delivered by someone with authority
e. Punishment is both mental & physical
63. Studies of learning have shown that animals develop an aversion for taste associated with
a. Electric shock
b. Extinguished associated
c. Sickness
d. Novel stimuli
e. Starvation
64. Taking a painkiller to relieve a toothache is behavior learned through which of the following
process?
a. Shaping
b. Punishment
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Negative reinforcement
e. Omission training
65. In operant conditioning, the concept of contingency is exemplified by an “if A, then B”
relationship in which A & B, respectively, represent
a. Stimulus, response
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
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b. Response, reinforcement
c. Stimulus, reinforcement
d. Response, stimulus
e. Stimulus, stimulus
A two year old child is frightened by a small dog. A few weeks later the same child’s reaction is
most likely an example of which of the following?
a. Stimulus discrimination
b. Second order conditioning
c. Stimulus generalization
d. Sensory preconditioning
e. Spontaneous recovery
A psychologist is attempting to get Wade, an 8 year old autistic boy, to make eye contact when
she speaks to him. She gives Wade a piece of candy every time he looks at her face. This
treatment illustrates which of the following therapeutic approaches?
a. Cognitive
b. Biological
c. Psychodynamic
d. Humantistic
e. Behavioral
A monkey is conditioned to flinch at the sound of a bell that was previously pair with a puff of
air to the monkey’s cheek. Which of the following explanations would be consistent with a
cognitive interpretation of this conditioning?
a. The animal cannot control its tendency to flinch because the response of flinching is
simply a reflex to the bell
b. The strength of the flinch response is a function of the time interval between the onset
of the bell & the air puff
c. The monkey interprets the bell as a signal that the air puff will follow
d. The bell is merely a substitute stimulus for the air puff
e. Monkeys are intelligent & know that they should flinch when they heart tones that are
paired with stimulus that elicit reflexes
John Garcia showed that when rats ingested a novel substance before becoming nauseated
from radiation o drugs, they acquired a
a. Conditioned taste preference for the substance
b. Generalized taste preference for similar substances
c. Conditioned taste aversion for the substance
d. Conditioned tastes aversion for any novel substance
e. Conditioned taste preference for any novel substance
After seeing her parents give her brother a dollar for cleaning his room, Sarah begins cleaning
her own room. According to social learning theorists Sarah’s behavior is an example of which of
the following?
a. Classical conditioning
b. Spontaneous recovery
c. Stimulus generalization
d. Discrimination training
e. Observational learning
John B. Watson was a pioneer in which of the following perspectives of psychology?
a. Biological
b. Functionalism
c. Psychoanalytic
d. Structuralism
e. Behaviorism
Research indicates that many animals are more likely to associate sickness with a taste they
experienced on conjunction with the illness than with a tone or light. This finding supports
which of the following claims?
a. The tone or light must not have been appropriately paired with the onset of illness
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
b. Illness is not necessarily punishing to subjects
c. Animals may be biologically prepared to learn some things over other things
d. Extrinsic reinforcers are more effective than intrinsic reinforcers
e. Positive reinforcers are more effective ten punishers
73. Rats in an experiment learned to associate sweetened water with a drug that causes immune
suppression. Later, the sweetened water alone produced the immune suppression. This
outcome is an example of which of the following?
a. Learned helplessness
b. Systematic desensitization
c. Operant conditioning
d. Classical conditioning
e. biofeedback
Ch. 7-Cognition/Memory
74. The three stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin information processing memory model are
_____________.
a. Hippocampus, thalamus, amygdale
b. Input, process, output
c. Sensory memory, working memory, long-term memory
d. Shallow processing, parallel processing, deep processing
e. Semantic memory, declarative memory, procedural memory
75. An example of episodic memory is ____________________.
a. Telling someone how to ride a bike
b. Answering correctly in your history class that Delaware was the first state to ratify the
U.S. Constitution
c. Knowing that the word for hello in Spanish is hola
d. Remembering that you got a puppy for your seventh birthday
e. Remembering how to complete a math problem using long division
76. John was running late for a date, when his mother asked him to pick up some things from the
store for her. John did not want to be bothered writing out a list to help him remember the
items. John’s mom asked him to bring home milk, cheese, butter, eggs, paper towels, apples,
& cereal. Which of the following is John most likely to forget to bring home?
a. Milk
b. Cereal
c. Paper towels
d. Eggs
e. John will remember everything because there are fewer than 9 items
77. The brain structure responsible for transferring memories from short-term memory into long
term memory is the ________________.
a. Hypothalamus
b. Thalamus
c. Hippocampus
d. Frontal lobes
e. Cerebellum
78. When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that
are
a. At the beginning of the list
b. At the end of the list
c. In the middle of the list
d. Hardest to pronounce
e. Easiest to spell
79. According to the information processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing
involves
a. Retrieval
b. Storage
Remaining questions for the midterm. The others were provided in class.
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c. Rehearsal
d. Encoding
e. Transfer
John suffered a head injury in an accident five years ago. He now has clear memories of events
that occurred before the accident, but he has great difficulty remembering any of the
experiences he has had since the accident. John’s symptoms describe
a. Anterograde amnesia
b. Broca’s aphasia
c. Cue-dependent forgetting
d. Selective amnesia
e. Retroactive interference
An individual’s ability to remember the day he or she first swam the length of a swimming pool
is most clearly an example of which of the following kinds of memory?
a. Semantic
b. Flashbulb
c. Procedural
d. Priming
e. Episodic
The ability to choose specific stimuli to learn about, while filtering out or ignoring other
information, is called
a. Selective attention
b. Subliminal perception
c. Time sharing
d. Masking
e. Shadowing
Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?
a. Ty cannot recall the face of the thief he saw running from the scene of the crime
b. Cassie’s vivid memory of the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger is not
corroborated by those she was with at the time
c. Alberto is unable to remember anything since the accident that destroyed portions o
his hippocampus
d. Katie attributes her poor performance on standardized exam in a room other than the
one in which she learned the material
e. Alyse cannot remember any details of what happened right before her car accident