Download version 3

SIO15 Midterm 1, Monday Oct. 24, 2016
TEST VARIATION: 3
1) Which of these areas has recorded the highest number of fatalities from natural disasters?
a) Europe
b) North America
c) Antarctica
d) Africa
e) Asia
2) Which of these has had the highest average fatality rate in the U.S. in the last few decades?
a) lightning strikes
b) hurricanes
c) tornadoes
d) heat waves
e) earthquakes
3) Which type of radioactivity generates heat inside Earth?
a) fusion
b) fission
c) same as on the Sun
4) Which of these is an incorrect statement about latent heat?
a) energy is released during evaporation
b) energy is released during condensation
c) it costs heat to turn water into water vapor
d) latent heat is hidden energy
5) How often do spring tides occur?
a) twice a day
b) twice a week
c) twice a month
d) twice a year
6) Which of these planets is most distant from the Sun?
a) Earth
b) Moon
c) Mercury
d) Neptune
e) Jupiter
7) Which of these is not a terrestrial planet?
a) Earth
b) Mercury
c) Venus
d) Pluto
e) Mars
8) Where is the Kuiper belt located?
a) between Sun and Mercury
b) between Venus and Earth
c) between Earth and Mars
d) between Mars and Jupiter
e) beyond Neptune
9) What best characterizes a comet?
a) dirty snowball
b) originates from the asteroid belt
c) light phenomenon
d) impact
10) What is a meteorite?
a) a space object entering Earth’s atmosphere
b) a remnant of a space object after it impacted on Earth’s surface
c) the light phenomenon caused by a space object burning up in Earth’s atmosphere
11) What generates Earth’s nearly dipolar magnetic field?
a) currents in liquid outer core
b) convection in solid inner core
c) volcanic rocks in the crust
d) a bar magnet at Earth ‘s center
e) solar wind
12) Which of these statements is wrong?
a) the lithosphere is brittle
b) lithosphere is stronger than the asthenosphere
c) lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere
d) the asthenosphere is strong but brittle
e) the asthenosphere can flow
13) Which of these is NOT a type of plate boundary?
a) transform
b) ocean-continent convergent
c) continental rift
d) ocean-ocean convergent
e) strike-slip
14) Earthquakes may occur to about which maximum depth?
a) 7 km
b) 70 km
c) 700 km
d) 7000 km
e) earthquakes occur at all depths
15) Which of these types of earthquake is most likely to occur along a transform boundary?
a) normal
b) reverse
c) strike-slip
d) all of the above
e) convergent
16) The largest earthquakes occur along ocean-ocean divergent plate boundaries?
a) true
b) false
17) Which of these statements does NOT apply to tsunami?
a) travels extremely fast
b) travels across entire oceans
c) deep-water wave
d) can built up as it approaches a shore
18) What is the earthquake activity called that is triggered by human activity?
a) induced seismicity
b) transferred seismicity
c) referred seismicity
d) transformed seismicity
e) human activity does not trigger earthquakes
19) About how long does a tsunami travel from Chile to California?
a) 11.5 seconds
b) 11.5 minutes
c) 11.5 hours
d) 3.5 hours
20) A tsunami is caused by what kind of earthquake?
a) thrust
b) strike-slip
c) normal
d) all of the above
e) a) and c)
21) Which of these San Diego areas is most likely to experience liquefaction during an earthquake?
a) Mission Bay
b) UCSD campus
c) Clairemont Mesa
d) Mt. Soledad
22) Strain is a form of
a) deformation
b) heat
c) energy
d) force
23) Which seismic wave is typically the most destructive?
a) P wave
b) S wave
c) Love wave
d) Rayleigh wave
24) Along Pacific Ocean coasts, less people die from a tsunami than along Indian Ocean coasts. Why?
a) the Pacific has smaller earthquakes
b) the Pacific has less earthquakes
c) the Pacific Ocean has a well-functioning tsunami warning system
d) the Pacific has only deep earthquakes
25) How is INSAR used to forecast earthquakes?
a) monitors volcanic eruptions
b) monitors groundwater movement
c) monitors slow ground movement in aseismic periods
d) counts number of small earthquakes
26) Asperities reduce friction in an earthquake fault.
a) true
b) false
27) Volcanic eruptions are more likely to occur at night than during the day?
a) true
b) false
28) Which of these volcanic hazards is NOT among the top three killers?
a) pyroclastic flows
b) indirect/famine
c) ash fall
d) tsunami
29) Which of these features is NOT necessary for a typical volcano capable of volcanic eruptions?
a) a cone-shaped hill or mountain
b) conduit (vent)
c) magma reservoir (magma chamber)
d) opening (fissure of crater)
30) Of which VEI was the humongous eruption of Yellowstone about 630,000 years ago?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 5
d) 8
e) 20
31) Which of these eruption types describes the most violent eruption?
a) Plinian
b) Klingonian
c) Icelandic
d) Strombolian
e) Vulcanian
32) Which are the two principal mechanisms to melt rock in Earth’s upper mantle?
a) temperature and pressure
b) decompression and injection of volatiles
c) compression and injection of volatiles
d) volatiles and volume
e) heat and decompression
33) On which side of the melting curve does mantle rock have to be in order to melt?
a) right
b) left
34) Which two forces control the movement of a mass on a slope?
a) downslope and resistance
b) driving and restoring
c) kinetic and potential
d) gravity and buoyancy
35) How does the addition of water into the glide horizon affect slope stability?
a) water increases slope steepness
b) water has no impact on slope stability
c) water reduces friction
d) water increases friction
36) Which of these actions reduces slope stability and makes mass movements more likely?
a) reduce slope angle
b) increase slope angle
c) add mass to bottom
d) remove mass from bottom
e) b) and d)
37) What can lower the ground water table?
a) excess farming
b) installing a drainage system
c) droughts
d) all of the above
e) a) and b)
38) Which of these is NOT a typical risk factor for mass movements in Southern California?
a) active plate tectonics
b) occasional heavy rains
c) extreme heat
d) sparse vegetation
39) What is the base level of a stream?
a) the highest point where the spring is
b) the lowest point to which erosion can occur
c) the average discharge
d) the lowest possible discharge
40) What does the stream profile describe?
a) the longitudinal elevation vs distance along a river
b) the chemical makeup of river water
c) the lateral flux of the ground water table
d) the cross-section through a river
e) the annual cycle of the discharge of a river
41) Which of these states has seen a sharp recent increase in induced seismicity?
a) California
b) Oklahoma
c) Montana
d) Alaska
e) all of the above
42) The extinction rate of which large animal has accelerated in recent years because of poaching?
a) elephant
b) bonobo
c) blue whale
d) mammoth
e) buffalo
43) Why is the accumulation of plastic in fish a problem?
a) fish ignite
b) plastics accelerate the growth of fish
c) fish immediately die
d) plastics accumulate in edible parts of fish
e) b) and d)