Download Ecosystems: what are they and how do they work? pt1

DNA (OUTPUT)
Illustrate the greenhouse effect
and identify the gases that enable
the Earth to be warm enough for
life.
HOMEWORK
 Outline ch. 5 and review questions (pg 129, 1-18) due 9/10;
9/11
 Have book club book by Friday (first reading assignment will
be posted on Edmodo Friday afternoon!)
 Unit 1 test 9/10; 9/11 (15 MC, 1 FRQ, 30 minutes)
 Unit 1 review AFTERSCHOOL 9/8
WHAT DOES THE UNIT 1 TEST COVER?
1. Dimensional analysis
2. Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous cycles
3. Experiment design
4. Systems, Matter, and Energy
AGENDA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ocean Acidification Lab
Notes
“Foodwebbing”
Notes
Brochure Gallery Walk
Dimensional Analysis
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION LAB
 Copy the data table onto a separate sheet of paper
(NOT IN YOUR OUTPUT NOTEBOOK)
 1’s – obtain and find mass of your shells
 2’s – measure out liquids
 3’s – in charge of labelling and neat note-taking
 4’s – in charge of clean up
ECOSYSTEMS: WHAT ARE THEY AND
HOW DO THEY WORK?
WELCOME TO UNIT 2!
THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT
ECOSYSTEMS
 Eating relationships
 Energy in ecosystems
 The value of biodiversity
 Limitations on how much an ecosystem can
support
PRODUCERS: BASIC SOURCE OF ALL FOOD
 Producers (aka “autotrophs”) make their own food from
compounds and energy obtained from their
environment
 Elbow-partner brainstorm: What are the main producers
on Earth?
Location
Producer
Land
Green plants
Freshwater and
shorelines
Open water
Algae and plants
Phytoplankton
PHYTOPLANKTON
PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION:YOU WILL NEED TO
KNOW THIS!
CHEMOSYNTHESIS
 Very few
producers
chemosynthesize
 Mostly bacteria
CONSUMERS
Consumers get their food by eating or
breaking down all or parts of other
organisms or their remains
Aka heterotrophs
CONSUMERS
Type of consumer
Primary consumers (aka
herbivores)
Secondary consumers
(aka carnivores)
Tertiary consumers
What do they eat?
CONSUMERS
Type of consumer
Omnivores
Decomposers
Detritivores
What do they eat?
DECOMPOSERS VS. DETRITIVORES
 Decomposers – bacteria or fungi – recyle
nutrients in ecosystems by using enzymes to
digest or biodegrade living or dead organisms
into simpler inorganic compounds that
producers can use as nutrients
DECOMPOSERS VS. DETRITIVORES
Detritivores – insects/other scavengers
that feed on the wastes or dead bodies of
other organisms
DECOMPOSERS VS. DETRITIVORES
Decomposers BREAK DOWN
Detritivores eat DEAD things or WASTE
TROPHIC LEVEL
 The trophic level is aka the feeding level
 Producers on first level, primary consumers on
second trophic level, secondary consumers on
third, etc.
 Detritivores and decomposers process
detritus from all trophic levels
Food web
FOOD CHAIN VS FOOD WEB
 Food chain – a sequence of organisms, each of
which is a source of food for the next
 Food web – interconnected food chains
(organisms usually participate in more than
one food chain!)
FOOD WEBBING
Group : food web
Individual : questions
LOSING ENERGY IN FOOD CHAINS AND WEBS
There is a decrease in the amount of
energy available to each succeeding
organisms in a food chain or web
BIOMASS
Biomass – the dry weight of all organic
matter contained in its organisms
Chemical energy stored in biomass
is transferred from one trophic level
to another
INEFFICIENCY
Energy transfer through food chains and
food webs is not very efficient
Think: Second Law of Thermodynamics
ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY
 With each transfer, some usable energy is
degraded and lost to the environment as lowquality heat
 Only a small portion of what is eaten and
digested is converted into an organisms’
bodily material or biomass
ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY AKA 10% RULE
Ecological efficiency – the % of usable
energy transferred as biomass from one
trophic level to the next trophic level
Typically 10% is transferred and 90%
is lost
10% RULE
 Example:
 Green plants capture 10,000 units of energy
from the sun
 1,000 available to herbivore
 100 available to primary consumer
 … each step decreases units of usable energy
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS PRACTICE PT. 3
Work in your NUMBER groups on the
question. You are required to use my way
of doing the problem (goal unit, c.f.’s, set
up) you will get TWO SONGS’ worth of
time to solve the question.
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS PRACTICE PT. 3
 Go back to your letter groups.You are now
masters of your question.
 Share your question and steps to solving your
question to your group. (person 1 goes first,
then 2, 3, 4) each person will get ONE
SONG’S worth of time to share.
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS PRACTICE PT. 3
 Sharing IS NOT:
 “here, copy my paper”
 “let’s trade papers”
 “oh, you can’t ‘see’? Let me just… pass you
the paper haha!”