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Name: ________________________________ Date: ___________________ Period: ________ Living Environment Unit 11 Body Systems and Homeostasis Study Guide Due Date: _______________ Test Date: ___________ Unit 11 Important Topics: I. Aim # 59- Cell Organization II. Aim # 60- Body Systems III. Aim # 61- Relating Body Systems and Organelles IV. Aim # 62- Making Connections Lab V. Aim # 63- Immune System VI. Aim # 64- Dynamic Equilibrium and Feedback Mechanisms I. Aim # 59- Cell Organization Match each level to its meaning: 1) ____________ Organ 2) ____________ Cell 3) ____________ Organ System 4) ____________ Tissue 5) ____________ Organism 6) List the four characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS II. A. A group of cells B. The basic unit of life C. Any living thing D. A group of organs E. A group of tissues ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Aim # 60- Body Systems Define: 7) Homeostasis: ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Directions: Match the correct body system with its function. 8) _____________This system provides support, protection, and movement for everyday life 9) ____________ This system is responsible for breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide via the lungs. 10) ______________ This system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from the cells. 11) ______________ This system digests and extracts nutrients from your food. 12) ______________ This system is the control center of the body. A. Respiratory System B. Endocrine System C. Excretory System D. Skeletal System E. Muscular System 13) ______________ This system produces hormones which regulate mood, growth, and development, tissue function, metabolism, and reproductive processes. 14) ______________ This system is responsible for moving your bones so you can move. F. Digestive System G. Circulatory System 15) ______________ This system removes waste products from your body, by filtering your blood at the kidneys. This process is also known as excretion. H. Nervous System Body System Facts 16) At the lungs, which gas does the blood drop off so it can be released from the body? _____________________ 17) At the lungs, which gas does the blood pick up to send to the cells? ___________________ 18) At the cells, which gas does the blood pick up to bring to the lungs? ______________________ 19) At the cells, which gas does the blood drop off so the cells can produce ATP? ____________________ 20) Your cells use oxygen to make something very important that your body needs to survive. Identify the molecule created. __________________________ 21) Your digestive system breaks down your food. What does your body EXTRACT from your food and uses in order to make energy? _________________________ III. Aim # 61- Relating Body Systems and Organelles 23) Identify the two body systems that help you move? _______________________________________, _______________________________ 24) Identify the two body systems that help your cells to receive nutrients like glucose so you can perform cellular respiration to make energy (ATP) ? _______________________________________, _______________________________ 25) Identify the two body systems that bring oxygen into the body and transport it to your cells so you can perform cellular respiration to make energy (ATP). 26) _______________________________________, _______________________________ Identify the two body systems that identify when your body temperature lowers and then shivers to keep you warm. _______________________________________, _______________________________ 27) Identify the two body systems are responsible for the reproductive events that provide the opportunity for pregnancy? _______________________________________, _______________________________ 28) Directions: Fill out the chart below. Use the functions of the cell organelles below as a review. You may use a cell organelle more than once. Comparing The Function of Organelles in Single Celled Organisms to the Organ Systems in Multicellular Organisms Function Regulation and Control Organelle in a Single Cell Body System in a Multicellular Organism Nucleus Nervous system Excretion Nutrition Transport of Substances Gas Exchange IV. Aim #62 – Making Connections Lab (Clothespin/Pulse Rate) a) b) Identify one specific molecule that will increase in concentration in the blood as a result of increased activity of the circulatory system during physical exercise. f c) d) e) V. Aim # 63- Immune System 33) Explain the function of the immune system. ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Define: 34) Pathogens: ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Give an example of 2 types of pathogens: 35) Allergy: _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 36) Name the type of cell that patrols your blood looking for invaders, recognizes them, and then kills them: __________________ 37) When an individual receives an organ transplant, explain why they receive special drugs and WHY these drugs often cause the patient to become vulnerable to diseases: 38) The immune system protects against foreign substances and even some cancer. Explain how the immune system functions. In your answer be sure to: Identify one way the immune system fights pathogens. Identify the substance in a vaccine that stimulates the immune system. Describe the response of the immune system to the vaccine. Identify one disease that damages the immune system and state how it affects this system _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Aim #64 – Dynamic Equilibrium and Feedback Mechanisms Define: 39) Dynamic Equilibrium: _________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 40) Fill out the response for each change (stimulus). Responses to Environmental Change Organism Change (stimulus) Many plants Air is hot and dry. Response Leaf pores (stomata) __________________________________ to conserve ________________________________. Seasons change. Monarch butterflies Human Person’s temperature increases The person begins to ____________________________, which cools Down the body. 41) Identify an example of a positive feedback mechanism. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42) Shivering and maintaining blood sugar levels are both examples of negative feedback mechanisms. Choose one of these examples and explain how these mechanisms maintain homeostasis. In your response include: What causes the feedback mechanism to begin (the stimulus)? What does your body do to restore homeostasis? When is the mechanism turned off? When is the mechanism turned back on? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________