Download • Lava lamp • Large maps • Pictoral periodic tables • Some Minerals

materials
• Lava lamp
• Large maps
• Pictoral periodic tables
• Some Minerals – rockhounds box
• Mineral id
Review
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Adding heat to matter causes it to change
the rules apply to pure substances only
water is a little different
There are four “states of matter”
Radiation, conduction, convection transfer heat
The inside of the Earth is hot, and that heat is always trying to
escape, providing energy for the crust to move around
The inside of the Earth is mostly hot and solid
exception the inner core
The crust is cracked into big pieces called plates
The plates move around—coming together and crashing apart
convergence, divergence, and sliding
Cracks in the Earth’s crust are called faults
Earthquakes and volcanos occur near these cracks
We live near a transform fault (sliding) called the San Andreas
fault.
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usgs.gov
Review
When heat is added to a solid it either
__________ or __________ .
Write your group’s answer on the board!
Clicker question
What happens to a liquid if you heat it?
A. it expands
B. it contracts
C. it melts
D. freezes
E. it depends
Clicker question
True or false? All liquids turn to gas at the
same temperature (100 °C / 212 °F)
Clicker question
When you touch something and it feels
hot, that is an example of
a. Convection
b. Conduction
c. Radiation
d. A bad idea
Chapter 11
Learning goals: Students will---
• Be able to identify common elements
• Understand why the periodic table is
used and what the arrangement means
• Describe solubility in terms of atoms
and molecules
• Know which elements are the most
common in the earth
alchemy
The study of
atoms and
elements began in
medieval times in
Europe
http://aetherforce.com/theory-practice-alchemy/
Ancient alchemist
wanted to break
materials down to
their most basic
parts – their
“elements”
Cornelis Bega (Dutch,
1631 or 1632 - 1664)
The Alchemist, 1663, Oil
on panel
36.2 × 32.2 cm (14 1/4 ×
12 11/16 in.)
The J. Paul Getty
Museum, Los Angeles
What are atoms?
What are molecules?
Atoms combine to make bigger structures
Water (H20)
Carbon Dioxide (C02)
These all look different because they are drawings!
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA)
Giant
molecules
found in
living cells!
What are elements?
“ELEMENT” = “TYPE OF ATOM”
It’s easier to say!
The Periodic Table
Every type of atom has a name and a
symbol
There are over 100 types of atoms
(elements)
• A long list 
Some elements are alike and some are
different
The Periodic Table
The colors show elements that are alike
So what exactly is the
periodic table?
A way to organize
all of the elements
that makes sense
http://www.meta-synthesis.com
Many different ways to arrange the elements
http://www.meta-synthesis.com
https://jahschem.wikispaces.com/periodic+table
The best one
• http://theodoregray.com/periodictable/
It’s so useful, people try to do it with other things.
http://www.meta-synthesis.com
Most common elements on Earth
What is solubility?
Atomic symbols
Some atomic symbols make sense
C, S, Ti, Ni, H, He, etc
Some atomic symbols don’t
Au, Ag, W, Hg, etc
Break!
Song: mining song from snow white
Chapter 22
Learning goals: Students will---
• Understand that minerals are solid
chemicals made of atoms
• Know different types of tests used to
identify minerals
• Become familiar with different kinds of
rocks and how they are made
• Relate rock genesis to plate tectonics
Minerals
Minerals are solid chemicals made of atoms
Oxygen and silicon are the main atoms in rocks
Silcon tetrahedra
Dunnite!
Cool mineral pics at http://www.dakotamatrix.com/mineralpedia
Minerals
Many minerals
look alike, and
certain minerals
can come in
different colors
and shapes, so
tests are used to
identify minerals
Different minerals that look similar
http://showcase.scottsdalecc.edu/geology/files/2015/06/mineral_04.jpg
Different forms of the same mineral
https://www.esci.umn.edu/courses/1001/minerals/gypsum.shtml
Mineral ID
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Use the key to id the minerals
Break!
The big bang theory song
Rocks
Where do rocks come from?
a. The mantle
b. Asteroids
c. Volcanos
d. An exploding star
e. The ocean
f. Nucleogenesis
Rocks
The story of rocks begins with the big bang
mostly hydrogen and helium
the first stars formed, then exploded
the explosions created other elements
new stars formed and exploded
eventually our star formed, along with the planets.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ys5hmBkyvag
Rock
Earth formed—made of rock and metal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ys5hmBkyvag
Rocks
Rock genesis is related to plate tectonics
Rock Cycle
Rocks of
one type
can turn
into
another
type.
What are the products of volcanic eruptions?
Igneous rocks
• To understand igneous rocks, need to look
at our plate boundaries again
• Interior of the Earth is hot, causes mantle to
convect.
Make a flow chart!
Convection doesn’t move the plates. They get cold at the edges and sink
The rock layers of
the Earth are solid,
but under certain
conditions, they
melt.
Lava and magma
plutons
https://thecanyonbreeze.wordpress.com/2011/01/25
/how-do-precious-metals-get-to-the-surface/
Do plutons form from
lava or magma?
Red shows where old plutons are. They
cooled and hardened underground.
Then they cooled and finally, the earth
on top of them wore away.
Sedimentary Rocks
Why are they called sedimentary rocks?
What are the two main types of sedimentary
rocks?
What is lithification?
Make a flow chart!
Sed videos
• Stream
• Sediment in the stream
• Sediment bed
Metamorphism
• Takes place within the Earth’s crust and mantle
• Rock reactions
Are metamorphic rocks made of the same minerals as their “parent rocks?”
What are the four kinds of
metamorphism?
Low-grade
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