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12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 A Closer Look at Cell Division 1) DNA 2) Genes and Heredity/Inherited Traits Warmup How long (in meters) is DNA from one cell if it were stretched in a straight line? 2 meters 1 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 What is DNA ? Video As you are watching, think of the answers to these questions: Discussion Questions: • What is DNA also known as? • What is the shape of DNA? • How is DNA the recipe or blueprint of living things? • What are the four chemicals in DNA? • How do they pair up? • Where is DNA found? 2 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 3 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 Chromosomes • Chromosomes are threadlike structures that contain the genetic information. • Chromosomes are made of the chemical DNA. • A section of DNA that codes for a certain trait is called a gene. 4 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 • Different species have different chromosomes. • All species are composed of the same chemical, DNA. • Our genes make us different! 5 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 How many chromosomes do each of the following organisms have? 6 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 DNA • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores the genetic information and provides the directions to guide, repair, and construct new cells. 7 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 • DNA is a double helix that contains a series of chemicals. • These chemicals are arranged like letters in a code. • DNA has a four character code. A = Adenine T= Thymine C= Cytosine G = Guanine • These codes combine to form genes. 8 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 • A gene is a long section of DNA that determines a specific characteristic, e.g. hair color, skin color, height, etc. • Each of us has thousands of genes, which are made of DNA and are found within our chromosomes. • The passing of these traits from parent to offspring is the basis of heredity. What are some other traits you think you inherited from your parents?? 9 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 DNA Replication • DNA Replicationis the process in which DNA is able to make copies/duplicate itself. • The DNA unzips and each side makes a new copy to match. • During cell division, the copies separate so that each cell has a complete set ofenetic g information. 10 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 11 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 12 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 13 12 DNA, Chromosomes, Genes.notebook March 23, 2017 14